Review Article

Anticancer Role of PPARγ Agonists in Hematological Malignancies Found in the Vasculature, Marrow, and Eyes

Table 1

PPAR-γ ligands.

Natural ligandsRef.

lysophosphatidic acid [349]
nitrolinoleic acid[350]
9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid [351, 352]
13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid [351, 352]
15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid[353]
prostaglandin D2 [351, 353357]
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) [351, 353357]

Synthetic LigandsRef

Thiazolidinedione family (TZDs) [18, 44, 313, 353, 354, 358, 359]
 ciglitazone
 pioglitazone
 rosiglitazone
 troglitazone
 TZD 18
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [353, 360, 361]
 indomethacin
 ibuprofen
 flufenamic acid
 fenoprofen
L-tyrosine-based [351, 352]
 GW-7845
 GW-1929
diindolylmethane analogs [351, 362]
triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) [46, 351]
CDDO C-28 methyl ester derivative (CDDO-Me) [214, 363, 364]
CDCO C-28 imidazole (CDDO-Im) [50]
1,1-bis[3-(5-methoxyindolyl)]-1-(p-t-butylphenyl) methane (DIM #34), [365]