PPAR𝜸 and Oxidative Stress: Con(𝜷) Catenating NRF2 and FOXO

Figure 2

Crosstalk of PPARγ with NRF2, Wnt/β-catenin, and FOXO signaling pathways in oxidative stress response. ROS and other reactive species activate NRF2 and PPARγ that are linked by a positive feedback loop that sustains their expression. Through a negative feedback PPARγ inhibits Wnt/β-catenin and induces cell block. Activation of FOXO in turn blocks Wnt/β-catenin (diverting β-catenin from proliferation to resistance and apoptosis) and PPARγ. Finally, the result of these interactions, survival or cell death, depends on the action of other signaling pathways and regulatory circuits.