The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Colorectal Cancer

Table 2

Potential molecular mechanisms for procarcinogenic activity of PPARγ.

Actions and molecular mechanisms	References
(1) Stimulation of tumor cell growth
(1) Up-regulation of β-catenin and c-Myc expression	[110]
(2) Up-regulation of COX-2	[111]
(2) Induction of angiogenesis
(1) Up-regulation of VEGF and VEGF receptor	[112–114]
(2) Up-regulation of MMP-1	[115]