Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Heart: Lessons from the Past and Future Directions

Figure 1

Structure of PPAR and its transactivation or transrepression process. In the absence of ligand, the PPAR-RXR heterodimer recruits corepressors (left process). When ligand binds, conformational changes in PPAR-RXR induce dissociation of corepressor complex. Active transcriptional complex assembles with coactivator proteins. PPAR binds to PPRE and assembles coactivator complexes (right process). PGC-1α: PPAR-γ coactivator 1α, NCoR: nuclear receptor corepressor, SMART: silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor, AF: activation function, DBD: DNA-binding domain, HD: hinge domain, LBD: ligand-binding domain, RXR: retinoid X receptor, and PPRE: peroxisome proliferator response element.