PPARγ and the Innate Immune System Mediate the Resolution of Inflammation

Figure 3

PPARγ and macrophage activation. Proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by M1 activation markers, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased recruitment of immune cells. Upon stimulation with PPARγ ligands and/or increases in PPARγ expression, macrophages shift to an alternative M2 phenotype, with decreased proinflammatory actions, increased efferocytosis and phagocytosis, and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.