PPARγ and the Innate Immune System Mediate the Resolution of Inflammation

Table 1

List of PPAR ligands.

Prostaglandins	Thiazolidinediones	Eicosanoids	Other lipids
Prostaglandin	Rosiglitazone^+	Arachidonic acid	Conjugated linoleic acids
15-Deoxy prostaglandin	Pioglitazone^+	SPMs	Oxidized LDLs^+
Prostaglandin A1	Ciglitazone^+	15-HETE
	Troglitazone^+	DHA
		EPA
Fibrates	Nutraceuticals	NSAIDs	Triterpenoids
Clofibrate^+	Genistein	Indomethacin^+	Oleanolic acid
Fenofibrate^+	Biochanin A	Ibuprofen^+	CDDO^+
Gemfibrozil^+	Daidzein
Ciprofibrate^+	Hesperidin

Synthetic ligand, ⁺endogenous ligand.
SPMs: specialized proresolving mediators; HETE: hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; LDLs: low density lipoproteins; CDDO: 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.