PPARδ as a Metabolic Initiator of Mammary Neoplasia and Immune Tolerance

Figure 2

Metabolic interactions between tumor, stromal, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor and stromal cells express ARG, IDO, Cox2/Ptgs2, and iNOS/NOS2, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), chemokines, and Th2 cytokines that recruit Tregs, MDSC, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to block effector T cell activation. Adapted from [84].