MicroRNAs-Dependent Regulation of PPARs in Metabolic Diseases and Cancers

Table 1

Experimentally validated miRNAs targeting PPAR isoforms in specific tissues and pathophysiological processes.

(a) PPARα

miRNA	Biological process	Cell/tissue	Reference
Human studies
miR-9	Cancer cell invasion and proliferation	HCC tissue; Hepatic cell lines	Drakaki et al., 2015 [30]
	Lipid metabolism	HCC tissue; Hepatic cell lines	Cui et al., 2015 [31]
miR-10b	Hepatic steatosis	Hepatic cell lines	Zheng et al., 2010 [32]
miR-21	Vascular inflammation	Endothelial cell lines	Zhou et al., 2011 [33]
	Liver cell injury; Inflammation; Fibrosis	Liver tissue; Primary biliary and hepatic inflammatory cells	Loyer et al., 2015 [34]
miR-33	Liver fibrosis	Hepatic stellate cell line	Li et al., 2014 [35]
miR-141-3p	HBV replication	Hepatic cell line	Hu et al., 2012 [36]
miR-199a-5p	Hepatic steatosis	Liver tissue; Hepatic cell lines	Li et al., 2014 [37]
miR-506	Drug resistance	Colon cancer cell line	Tong et al., 2011 [38]
miR-519d	Adipocyte differentiation	White adipose tissue; Primary preadipocytes	Martinelli et al., 2010 [39]
Rodent studies
miR-21	Liver cell injury; Inflammation; Fibrosis	Liver tissue; Primary biliary and hepatic inflammatory cells	Loyer et al., 2015 [34]
miR-22	Cardiac hypertrophy; Cardiac contractility	Heart tissue; Primary neonatal cardiomyocytes	Gurha et al., 2013 [40]
miR-27	Adipocyte differentiation	Brown/white adipose tissue, primary adipose derived stromal cells,; brown preadipocyte cell line	Sun et al., 2014 [41]
miR-124-3p	Protein secretion	Isolated neutrophils	Baek et al., 2008 [42]
miR-199a-5p	Hepatic steatosis	Liver tissue; Hepatic cell lines	Li et al., 2014 [37]

(b) PPAR/

miRNA	Biological process	Cell/tissue	Reference
Human studies
miR-199a; miR-214	Mitochondrial metabolism	Myocardium; Primary cardiomyocytes	El Azzouzi et al., 2013 [43]
miR-9	Inflammation	Isolated monocytes	Thulin et al., 2013 [44]
miR-138	Wound healing,; Proliferation, migration	Skin tissue; Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts	Xiao et al., 2015 [45]
Rodent studies
miR-199a; miR-214	Mitochondrial metabolism	Myocardium; Primary cardiomyocytes	El Azzouzi et al., 2013 [43]

(c) PPAR

miRNA	Biological process	Cell/tissue	Reference
Human studies
miR-20	Osteogenic differentiation	Bone marrow derived stromal cell line	Zhang et al., 2011 [46]
miR-27a	Proliferation	HCC tissue; Hepatic cell lines	Li et al., 2015 [47]
	Proliferation	Lung tissue; Pulmonary endothelial cell lines	Kang et al., 2013 [48]
miR-27b	Inflammation	Isolated monocytes; Monocyte cell line	Jennewein et al., 2010 [49]
	Adipocyte differentiation	Adipose derived stromal cell line	Karbiener et al., 2009 [50]
	Tumor growth and progression	Neuroblastoma cell line	Lee et al., 2012 [51]
miR-34a; miR-34c	Liver fibrosis	Primary hepatic stellate cells; Hepatic stellate cell line	Li et al., 2015 [52]
miR-128-3p	Liver fibrosis	Primary hepatic stellate cells; Hepatic stellate cell line	Povero et al., 2015 [53]
miR-130	Adipocyte differentiation	Primary preadipocytes	Lee et al., 2011 [54]
	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Cancer cell migration and invasion	HCC tissue; Hepatic cell lines	Tu et al., 2014 [55]
miR-130a	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	White adipose tissue; Adipocyte cell line	Jiao et al., 2015 [56]
miR-138	Adipocyte differentiation	Primary adipose derived stromal cells	Yang et al., 2011 [57]
miR-548d-5p	Adipocyte differentiation	Bone marrow derived stromal cells	Sun et al., 2014 [58]
Rodent studies
miR-27	Adipocyte differentiation	White adipose tissue, Primary white adipocytes; Primary adipose derived stromal cells; Preadipocyte cell line	Kim et al., 2010 [59]
	Adipocyte differentiation	Brown/white adipose tissue; Primary adipose derived stromal cells; Brown pre-adipocyte cell line	Sun et al., 2014 [41]
miR-27a	Proliferation	Lung tissue; Pulmonary endothelial cell lines	Kang et al., 2013 [48]
	Renal fibrosis	Kidney tissue; Kidney tubular epithelial cells	Hou et al., 2016 [60]
miR-27b	Cardiac hypertrophy; Heart failure	Myocardium; Primary cardiomyocytes	Wang et al., 2012 [61]
miR-34a; miR-34c	Liver fibrosis	Primary hepatic stellate cells; Hepatic stellate cell line	Li et al., 2015 [52]
miR-128-3p	Liver fibrosis	Primary hepatic stellate cells; Hepatic stellate cell line	Povero et al., 2015 [53]
miR-130	Adipocyte inflammation	Preadipocyte cell line	Kim et al., 2013 [62]
	Liver fibrosis	Primary hepatic stellate cells; Hepatic stellate cell line	Lu et al., 2015 [63]
miR-130a	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	White adipose tissue; Adipocyte cell line	Jiao et al., 2015 [56]
miR-210	Osteoporosis	Primary bone marrow derived stromal cells	Liu et al., 2015 [64]
miR-301a	Adipocyte inflammation	White adipose tissue; Preadipocyte cell line	Li et al., 2016 [65]
miR-302a	Adipocyte differentiation	White adipose tissue; Pre-adipocyte cell line	Jeong et al., 2014 [66]
miR-540	Adipocyte differentiation	Primary adipose derived stromal cells	Chen et al., 2015 [67]