PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Restored Mouse Liver mRNA Expression of Clock Genes and Inflammation-Related Genes Disrupted by Reversed Feeding

Figure 1

Experimental flowchart. Open and solid bars indicate light and dark periods, respectively. Solid lines indicate feeding and fasting periods. Experimental schedule from day 0 to day 8: (a) mice entrained to a 12-h light-dark cycle with ad libitum access to food and water; (b) mice in daytime-feeding groups; and (c) mice in nighttime-feeding groups. (d) Sacrification was performed at day 8 noon (HALO 05) and midnight (HALO 17), and liver specimens and serum samples were collected. Sacrification for histopathological analysis and Western blotting was performed at HALO 05. White arrows indicate the time of pioglitazone administration.