Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Gastrointestinal Disease: Common Endoscopic Biopsy Diagnoses

Table 1

HIV-associated GI pathology: common biopsy diagnoses.

Pathologic process	Esophagus	Stomach	Small bowel	Colorectal
Inflammatory/Ulcerative	Idiopathic Pill-induced	Nonspecific gastritis	HIV enteropathy	HIV enteropathy Idiopathic
Viral infection	CMV	CMV	CMV	CMV
	HSV			HSV
		MAI	MAI	Clostridium difficile
				Salmonella
Bacterial infection	—			Shigella
				Campylobacter
				Spirochetosis
			Giardia lamblia
			Cryptosporidia
Protozoan and Helminthic infections	—	Cryptosporidia	Isospora belli
			Microsporidia
			Strongyloides stercoralis
	Candida albicans	Cryptococcus neoformans	Histoplasma capsulatum	Cryptococcus neoformans
Fungal infection	Candida krusei
	Candida tropicalis			Histoplasma capsulatum
	Torulopsis glabrata
Neoplastic	Kaposi’s sarcoma	Kaposi’s sarcoma NHL	Kaposi’s sarcoma	Kaposi’s sarcoma NHL

Key: HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, CMV = cytomegalovirus, HSV = herpes simplex virus, MAI = mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, NHL = non-Hodgkin lymphoma.