Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Gastrointestinal Disease: Common Endoscopic Biopsy Diagnoses

Table 2

Endoscopic and histopathologic features of common HIV-associated GI diseases [2].

	Viral infections	Bacterial infections	Protozoal and Helminthic infections	Fungal infections	Neoplastic processes
Endoscopy (Figure 1)	Erythema, vesiculation, erosion, ulceration	Hyperemia, ulceration, inflammatory pseudopolyps	Normal to atrophic mucosa	Creamy mucosal patches, ulceration, mycotic abscesses	Mucosal and submucosal mass lesions
Histopathology (Figure 2)	Viral cytopathic effects, inflammatory infiltrates, necrotizing vasculitis	Mucosal epithelial degeneration, loss of intestinal microvilli, cytologic atypia, epithelial fissures, inflammatory infiltrates, abundant foamy macrophages (MAI)	Mucosal atrophy, inflammatory infiltrates, eosinophilia (Isospora), histiocytosis in lamina propria (Leishmania)	Cell necrosis, pseudomembranes, hyphae penetrating intact mucosa and vasculature	KS: spindle cell neoplasms with irregular slit-like spaces; NHL: dense proliferation of uniform, small, round, cells