Pain Catastrophizing Correlates with Early Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome

Table 4

Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) for risk of postconcussion syndrome development in relation to pain catastrophizing (PC).

PC scale	⁢Low Risk ()		⁢High Risk ()
	M	SD	M	SD
Rumination	4.06	4.00	7.40	4.70
Magnification	2.00	2.08	3.07	2.22
Helplessness	4.23	4.37	7.00	4.63
Overall	10.29	9.69	17.47	10.62