Research Article

Psychological Distress in Out-Patients Assessed for Chronic Pain Compared to Those with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 2

Pairwise comparison psychological factors by group after controlling for average pain intensity.

FactorCP mean (SD)RA mean (SD)SEEffect size

AAQ32.48 (8.17)27.93 (7.74)1.0210.44<0.0010.35Small
DASS depression7.87 (5.09)3.15 (3.13)0.5237.20<0.0010.66Medium
DASS anxiety8.37 (4.67)4.17 (3.61)0.5126.54<0.0010.56Medium
DASS stress8.12 (3.57)4.85 (3.35)0.5235.36<0.0010.65Medium
PASS escape avoidance14.01 (5.31)9.44 (5.67)0.6816.08<0.0010.44Small
PASS cognitive anxiety15.75 (5.14)8.56 (5.73)0.6761.68<0.0010.86Large
PASS fear of pain9.50 (5.91)4.75 (6.04)0.7517.97<0.0010.46Small
PASS physiological anxiety10.91 (7.70)3.68 (4.34)0.7840.72<0.0010.70Medium
PCS rumination13.11 (4.03)9.51 (5.48)0.599.54<0.0010.34Small
PCS magnification7.34 (3.02)5.00 (2.18)0.3327.02<0.0010.57Medium
PCS helplessness14.70 (5.16)9.18 (3.88)0.5642.38<0.0010.71Medium