Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge and Current Practice of Pain Assessment and Management: How Much Progress Have We Made?

Table 3

Factors affecting respondents’ knowledge towards pain.

Variable	OR (95% CI)	p value
Sex
Female	Ref
Male	0.811 (0.493–1.333)	0.408
Age (years)
20–24	Ref
25–35	0.901 (0.404–2.011)	0.799
36–45	0.786 (0.272–2.269)	0.656
46–55	0.495 (0.117–2.092)	0.339
56–69	0.466 (0.089–2.439)	0.366
Postgraduate degree
No	Ref
Yes	2.005 (1.081–3.720)	0.027
Discipline
Physician	Ref
Nurse	0.315 (0.184–0.537)	<0.001
Pharmacist	0.632 (0.162–2.464)	0.508
Patients seen by week	0.999 (0.996–1.001)	0.150
Years qualified
≤5 years	Ref
6–10 years	1.364 (0.771–2.412)	0.286
11–15 years	2.001 (0.962–4.159)	0.063
>15 years	2.036 (0.783–5.295)	0.145
Hospital
Public	Ref
Private	1.844 (1.099–3.094)	0.021