Medical Evidence Influence on Inpatients and Nurses Pain Ratings Agreement
Table 1
Summary of NEP-PSRP mean of NRS absolute differences, pain categories agreement/disagreement, and correlation.
Moderators
NRS
Pain categories
Absolute differences
Agreement/disagreement (%)
-statistics
Spearman correlation coefficient
[mean (95% CI)]
Underestimation
Agreement
Overestimation
Agreement based on
Correlation based on
Pain experience in the past 24 h
No
401
1.3 (1.1–1.5)
21.2
67.3
11.5
0.08
Poor
0.55
Moderate
Yes
461
2.6 (2.4–2.8)
21.0
34.7
44.3
0.14
Mild
0.40
Moderate
Cause of pain
Surgery
173
2.9 (2.5–3.2)
20.2
30.1
49.7
0.08
Poor
0.27
Mild
Trauma
24
2.8 (1.8–3.8)
25.0
41.7
33.3
0.19
—
0.25
—
Diagnostic procedures
36
1.8 (0.8–2.7)
13.9
50.0
36.1
0.13
—
0.47
Moderate
Cancer
39
3.3 (2.4–4.1)
28.2
25.6
46.2
0.03
—
0.12
—
Other
167
2.4 (2.1–2.7)
41.9
37.7
20.4
0.19
Mild
0.52
Moderate
Unknown
22
2.5 (1.6–3.5)
40.9
31.8
27.3
0.09
—
0.41
—
Analgesics in the past 24 h
No
676
1.8 (1.6–2.0)
20.3
55.0
24.7
0.18
Mild
0.45
Moderate
Yes
179
2.9 (2.5–3.2)
24.0
30.2
45.8
0.10
Mild
0.39
Moderate
Analgesic administration regimen
ATC
64
2.5 (1.9–3.1)
39.1
39.1
21.9
0.19
Mild
0.42
Moderate
PRN
95
3.1 (2.7–3.6)
27.3
23.2
49.5
0.02
—
0.33
Mild
ATC + PRN
14
2.4 (1.1–3.7)
14.3
35.7
50.0
0.11
—
0.57
Moderate
NSAIDs
Yes
103
2.7 (2.3–3.2)
23.3
30.1
46.6
0.11
Mild
0.47
Moderate
NSAIDs administration regimen
ATC
25
2.2 (1.4–3.0)
20.0
40.0
40.0
0.23
Mild
0.68
Moderate
PRN
68
3.0 (2.4–3.6)
23.5
25.0
51.5
0.06
—
0.37
Mild
ATC + PRN
8
2.0 (0.0–4.0)
25.0
37.5
37.5
0.13
—
0.44
—
Opioids
Yes
63
3.4 (2.7–4.0)
23.8
27.0
49.2
0.04
—
0.17
—
Opioids administration regimen
ATC
30
3.2 (2.2–4.2)
20.0
33.3
46.7
0.10
—
0.06
—
PRN
24
3.5 (2.6–4.5)
37.5
16.7
45.8
−0.10
—
0.20
—
ATC + PRN
5
2.8 (0.1–5.5)
60.0
40.0
0.0
0.17
—
0.90
—
NSAIDs + opioids
Yes
13
1.9 (0.8–3.1)
30.8
46.2
23.1
0.28
Mild
0.75
Strong
NSAIDs + opioids administration regimen
ATC
3
0.7 (0.0–2.1)
33.3
66.8
11.1
0.50
Moderate
0.88
—
PRN
2
2.5 ( )
0.0
50.0
50.0
0.00
—
0.50
—
ATC + PRN
8
2.6 (0.7–3.8)
37.5
37.5
25.0
0.17
—
0.79
Strong
For each congruence-moderator subset the table reports (1) the absolute NEP-PSRP NRS score differences as the mean and (95% confidence intervals, lower and upper levels); (2) proportions of PSRP-NEP pain categories agreement and disagreement (under- and overestimation); and (3) the results of the -statistic and the Spearman correlation coefficient analyses with both absolute numerical and category values. CI: confidence intervals; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ATC: around the clock; and PRN: on demand. , , , statistically insignificant, insufficient cases for analysis, and assessor’s assertion.
