The Implications of Tobacco Smoking on Acute Postoperative Pain: A Prospective Observational Study
Table 1
Demographic data on male patients.
Variable
Nonsmokers
Current-smokers
Past-smokers
value
Age (y/o)
63.5 ± 15.4
54.5 ± 14.3
66.4 ± 14.2
<0.001
Height (cm)
165.4 ± 10.2
167.2 ± 6.6
165.6 ± 11.0
0.601
Weight (kg)
69.3 ± 13.7
67.6 ± 12.1
67.9 ± 12.3
0.46
ASA (I/II/III)
7/98/51
5/83/41
1/60/62
0.078
BMI (kg/m2)
24.8 ± 3.4
24.1 ± 3.7
24.6 ± 4.0
0.257
Intraoperative fluid infusion (mL)
2977 ± 1792
3158 ± 2079
2996 ± 1912
0.168
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)
494 ± 410
526 ± 487
480 ± 468
0.704
Intraoperative urine output (mL)
521 ± 487
782 ± 686
626 ± 607
0.143
Smoking dependence scale
—
3.9 ± 2.3
—
—
Duration after quitting smoking (year)
—
—
11.5 ± 4.0
—
Surgical area
Upper abdomen
21 (13%)
10 (8%)
22 (18%)
0.190
Lower abdomen
96 (61%)
62 (48%)
74 (60%)
Extremities
21 (13%)
16 (12%)
13 (11%)
Spine
15 (10%)
17 (13%)
6 (5%)
Others
3 (2%)
24 (19%)
8 (6%)
Past history
HTN
66 (42%)
46 (36%)
51 (42%)
0.115
DM
29 (18%)
19 (15%)
27 (22%)
0.279
Alcohol drinking
15 (10%)†
28 (22%)
27 (22%)
0.007
Betel nut chewing
3 (2%)
25 (19%)
11 (9%)
<0.001
Case number
156
129
123
Total cases: 408
Data were presented as mean ± SD or number (%). BMI: body mass index; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus. One-way ANOVA : when compared with the groups of nonsmokers and past-smokers. †: when compared with the group of current-smokers or past-smokers.
