Pain Research and Management

Review Article

Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review

Table 1

Compounds identified by GC-MS in essential oil.
NumberCompoundPlant name
Hyptis pectinataLavandula angustifoliaLavandula officinalisLeonurus cardiacaLamium purpureumMelissa officinalisMentha spicataMarrubium vulgareOriganum vulgareOcimum basilicumRosmarinus officinalisSalvia officinalisSatureja hortensisThymus vulgarisReferences
1Sabinene+   +++ +  +  [355, 357–359, 361, 364]
2β-Pinene+++++++   +++ [355, 357, 359–361, 363–365]
31-Octen-3-ol+    +  +     [355, 358, 361]
4Limonene+  ++++    +++[290, 355, 357, 358, 364, 365]
5β-(E)-Ocimene++  ++  +     [349, 355, 357, 358, 361]
6Linalool+++    +++++ +[349, 355, 356, 360–363]
7α-Copaene+ + ++   +    [355, 356, 357, 358, 362]
8β-Elemene+   +    +    [355, 357, 362]
9β-Caryophyllene+++++++++ ++++[349, 355–359, 361, 363–365]
10Aromadendrene+          +  [355, 364]
11cis-Muurola-3,5-diene+             [355]
12α-Humulene+ ++ + +++ +  [290, 355, 356, 358, 360–362, 364]
13Germacrene D++ +++ +++    [290, 349, 355, 358, 360–362]
14cis-β-Guaiene+             [355]
15γ-Patchoulene+             [355]
16Germacrene A+             [355]
17γ-Cadinene+  +++  ++    [290, 355, 357, 358, 361, 362]
18trans-Calamenene+             [355]
19Germacrene B+ +           [355, 356]
20Caryophyllene oxide+  + +     +  [290, 355, 358, 364]
211,10-Di-epi-cubenol+             [355]
22Calamusenone+             [355]
23Cyperotundone+             [355]
24α-Thujene +  +   + +++ [349, 357, 361, 363–365]
25α-Pinene ++++++++ ++++[290, 349, 356–361, 363–365]
26α-Fenchene +         +  [349, 364]
27Camphene ++    ++ ++++[349, 356, 360, 361, 363–365]
28Delta-3-carene +            [349]
291,8-Cineole ++  +++ +++  [349, 356, 358–360, 362–364]
30γ-Terpinene ++  ++ +  +++[349, 356, 358, 359, 361, 364, 365]
31Terpinolene + + +    + ++[290, 349, 358, 363–365]
32Camphor ++    +  ++  [349, 356, 360, 363, 364]
33Borneol +     +  ++++[349, 360, 363–365]
34Lavandulol +            [349]
354-Terpineol ++  ++    ++ [349, 356, 358, 359, 364, 365]
36α-Terpineol ++  ++ +  +++[349, 356, 358, 359, 361, 364, 365]
37Linalyl acetate +      +  +  [349, 361, 364]
38Bornyl acetate ++  +   +++  [349, 356, 358, 362–364]
39cis-β-Farnesene +            [349]
40Verbenene  +           [356]
411,3,5-cycloheptatriene  +           [356]
423-Octanone  + +         [356, 357]
43β-myrcene  + +++ + ++++[356, 357–359, 361, 364–365]
443-Octanol  + +         [356, 357]
45α-Phellandrene  +     + + + [356, 361, 363, 365]
46o-Isopropenyl toluene  +           [356]
47α-Terpinene  +  +  +   ++[356, 358, 361, 364, 365]
48p-Cymene  ++ ++ +  +++[290, 356, 358, 359, 361, 364, 365]
49Linalool oxide  +           [356]
50Methyl benzoate  +           [356]
51Thujancis  +           [356]
52D-fenchyl alcohol  +           [356]
53Pinocarveol  +           [356]
54Isopinocamphone  +        +  [356, 364]
55Pinocarvone  +           [356]
56Pinocamphone  +        +  [356, 364]
57Naphthalene  +           [356]
58p-Cymen-8-ol  +        +  [356, 364]
59Myrtenol  +           [356]
60Verbenone  +           [356]
61trans-Carveol  +   +       [356, 359]
62β-Citronellol  +    +      [356, 360]
63Pulegone  +  ++       [356, 358, 359]
64Piperitone  +   +       [356, 359]
65Cinnamaldehyde  +           [356]
66Thymol  +  +  +   ++[356, 358, 361, 364, 365]
672-Hydroxy-4-isopropyl-1-methylbenzene  +           [356]
68Carvacrol  +     +  +++[356, 361, 364, 365]
69Piperitenone  +  +        [356, 358]
70α-Cubebene  +           [356]
71Thymyl acetate  +           [356]
72Farnesene  + +    +    [356, 357, 362]
73β-Acoradiene  +           [356]
74α-Cedrene  +           [356]
75Spathulenol  ++ +   +  + [290, 356, 358, 362, 365]
76Butylidenephthalide  +           [356]
773N Butylphthalide  +           [356]
78Butylidene dihydrophthalide  +           [356]
793-Methyl butanal   +          [290]
80(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal   +          [290]
81Benzaldehyde   +          [290]
82Dehydro-1,8-cineole   +          [290]
83Phenylacetaldehyde   +          [290]
84p-Menth-1,5-dien-8-ol   +          [290]
85Dodecane   +          [290]
86Dihydroedulan I   +          [290]
87(E)-α-ionone   +          [290]
88β-Humulene   +          [290]
89Geranyl acetone   +          [290]
90(E)-β-ionone   +          [290]
91β-Selinene   +          [290]
92Eugenyl acetate   +          [290]
93(E)-nerolidol   +          [290]
94trans-Sesquisabinene hydrate   +          [290]
95Presilphiperfolan-8-ol   +          [290]
96β-Atlantol   +          [290]
97Epi-cedrol   +          [290]
98α-Bisabolol   +          [290]
99(2E, 6E)-farnesol   +          [290]
1008-Cedren-13-ol acetate   +          [290]
1016,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone   +          [290]
102(2Z, 6E)-farnesyl acetate   +          [290]
103Methyl-linolenate   +          [290]
104Allo-aromadendrene epoxide   +          [290]
105Eicosane   +          [290]
106Heneicosane   +          [290]
107(E)-3-hexen-1-ol    +         [349]
108Heptanal    +         [357]
1091-Octen-3-one    +         [357]
110(E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal    +         [357]
111Z-β-ocimene    ++  +     [356, 357, 361]
112Undecane    +         [357]
113Nonanal    +         [357]
114Decanal    +         [357]
115β-Cyclocitral    +         [357]
116N-tridecane    +         [357]
117Delta-elemene    +   +     [357, 361]
118(E)-β-damascenone    +         [357]
119β-bourbonene    + +++     [290, 357, 359, 361]
120(E)-β-farnesene    +         [357]
121Farnesane    +         [357]
122Bicyclogermacrene    ++      + [357, 358, 365]
123n-Pentadecane    +         [357]
124(E)-hydrate de sabinene     +        [358]
125p-Menth-3,8-diene     +        [358]
126Z-hydrate de sabinene     +     +  [358, 365]
1271-Octen-3-ol acetate     +        [358]
1283-Octenyl acetate     +        [358]
129p-Menth-3-en-8-ol     +        [358]
130Menthone     ++       [358, 359]
131Isomenthone     +++     +[358–360, 364]
132Neomenthol     +        [358]
133Z-Piperitone oxide     +        [358]
134Pseudodisphenol     +        [358]
135Isopulegyl acetate 1     +        [358]
136Neomenthylacetate     ++       [358, 359]
137Diosphenol     +        [358]
138Menthylacetate     ++       [358, 359]
139Piperitenone oxide     +        [358]
140(E)-jasmone     +        [358]
141Nepetalactone     +        [358]
142p-Menth-1,2,3-triol     +        [358]
143α-Gurjunene     +        [358]
144Cadina-3,5-diene     +        [358]
145Delta-cadinene     + +      [358, 360]
146Viridiflorol     +        [358]
1471,10-Di-epi-cubenol     +        [358]
148α-cadinol     +   +    [358, 362]
1492-Octanol      +       [359]
150Menthol      +       [359]
151Isomenthol      +       [359]
152Dihydrocarveol      +    + +[359, 364]
153Carvone      + +     [357, 359]
154cis-Carveol      +       [359]
155trans-Anethole      +       [359]
156Menthyl camphor      +       [359]
157Eugenol      +  +    [359, 362]
158N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide       +      [360]
159N,Nʹ-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide       +      [360]
160α-Thujone       +      [360]
1611-Vinyl cyclohexane       +      [360]
162Geraniol       +   +  [360, 364]
163Citronellyl formate       +      [360]
164α-Muurolene       +      [360]
165α-Amorphene       + +    [360, 362]
166Neoalloocimene       +      [360]
167Neryl acetate       +      [360]
168Ledene       +      [360]
169β-Bisabolene       ++   + [360, 361, 365]
170α-Agarofuran       +      [360]
171γ-Eudesmol       +      [360]
172Furan-2-one, 4-phenyltetrahydro       +      [360]
173β-Cubebene       +      [360]
174Citronellyl butanoate       +      [360]
175Geranyl tiglate       +      [360]
176Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl       +      [360]
177Eicosamethylcyclodecasiloxane       +      [360]
178β-Phellandrene        +  + +[361, 365]
179Carvacrol methyl ether        +   + [361, 365]
180Allo-aromadendrene        ++ +  [361, 362, 364]
181cis-Epoxy-ocimen         +    [362]
182cis-Caryophyllene         +    [362]
183α-Guaiene         +    [362]
184Delta-guaiene         +    [362]
185cis-Calamenene         +    [362]
186Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene         +    [365]
187β-Eudesmol         +    [362]
188α-Selinene         +    [362]
189Zingiberene         +    [362]
190Tricyclene          +   [360]
191o-Cymene          ++ +[358, 363, 364]
192Trifluoroacetyl-α-               
Terpineol          +    [363]
193Carene          +   [363]
194cis-α-Terpineol          +   [363]
1952-Bornanone          +   [363]
196Isoborneol          +  +[363, 364]
197trans-Pinocarveol           +  [364]
198(-)-Citronellal           + +[363]
199Myrtenal           + +[363]
200Myrtenol           + +[363]
201Isobornyl acetate           +  [363]
202β-Cedrene           +  [363]
203γ-Gurjunene           +  [363]
204α-7-Epi-selinene           +  [363]
205Carvacrol acetate            + [361]