The Influence of Expectation on Nondeceptive Placebo and Nocebo Effects

<div>Placebo effect (a) and nocebo effect (b) in Test 1 and Test 2. Error bars indicate one standard deviation, and data from participants in Test 1 and Test 2 are marked in solid and hollow circles, respectively.</div>

Pain Research and Management

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: The Influence of Expectation on Nondeceptive Placebo and Nocebo Effects 