The Influence of Expectation on Nondeceptive Placebo and Nocebo Effects

Table 1

Characteristics of participants in each experimental group.

Group	N	Age	STAI-S	STAI-T
BL	18	21.06 ± 1.83	39.72 ± 9.43	41.72 ± 5.80
NoEI	18	21.00 ± 1.45	37.72 ± 8.01	42.33 ± 8.04
EI	18	21.50 ± 1.62	36.28 ± 3.98	42.17 ± 6.34
ED	18	21.28 ± 1.60	37.83 ± 7.46	42.28 ± 6.73

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. N: number of participants; STAI-S: state subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI-T: trait subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.