The Influence of Expectation on Nondeceptive Placebo and Nocebo Effects

Table 4

Placebo and nocebo effects of each experimental group in the test phase.

Group	Test 1		Test 2
	Placebo effect	Nocebo effect	Placebo effect	Nocebo effect
BL	1.22 ± 1.25	1.22 ± 0.83	0.96 ± 1.02	0.98 ± 0.73
NoEI	1.18 ± 0.85	1.15 ± 1.02	0.33 ± 0.50	0.38 ± 0.54
EI	1.45 ± 1.29	1.20 ± 0.78	0.81 ± 0.77	1.08 ± 0.86
ED	1.36 ± 1.13	1.29 ± 0.81	0.23 ± 0.28	−0.02 ± 0.51

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.