Pain Behaviour Scale (PaBS): An Exploratory Study of Reliability and Construct Validity in a Chronic Low Back Pain Population

Table 6

Scores	Description
0	The participant has a relaxed face and normal breath pattern and moves easily and freely with normal gait.
1	The participant shows one of the following: minor wrinkles in the forehead and mild breath-holds or sighs, demonstrates mild guarding, and touching the affected part or mild gait impairment.
2	The participant shows one of the following: obvious wrinkles in the forehead, clear breath-holds, or sighs, appears hesitant to move, and demonstrates guarding, rubbing the affected part for at least 3 seconds, or an obvious impaired gait.
3	The participant shows one of the following: a clear facial expression of pain that may include a furrowed brow, tightened lips, and clenched teeth. The patient demonstrates a sharp breath-holding or frequent audible sighs and demonstrates guarding and stiff movement during movement and rubbing of the body part for more than 3 seconds or clear impaired gait.