Optimizing the Management and Outcomes of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Consensus Statement on Definition and Outlines for Patient Assessment

Table 2

Validated questionnaires recommended for completion by patients to assess pain severity, function, and health-related quality of life.

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(i) Pain scales

 Visual analogue scale (VAS): 10 cm leg VAS and back VAS OR the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) [53–55]

(ii) Pain-specific disability/function

 Oswestry disability index (ODI) [56] OR Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ) [57]

(iii) Generic health-related quality of life

 EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) [58]

 Short form 12 (SF-12) OR short form 36 (SF-36) [59, 60]

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