Juvenile Fibromyalgia and Headache Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents: A Literature Review

Table 1

Features of the studies reviewed.

Study	Type of study	Number of participants	Sample features	JFM features	Headache features	Assessment tools
Eraso et al. [12]	Retrospective	Total: 148	JFM diagnosis; Two group (A and B) on the basis of the age of the onset (< or >10 years of age); For each group, the following were analyzed: mean age at the onset, mean interval between mean age at the onset and mean age of the diagnosis, clinical features	Onset (age and symptoms); Tender points; Laboratory test (complete blood count, antinuclear antibody test); Management and outcome	Not investigated	FMS assessment: specifically designed format to collect pertinent information; Joint hypermobility: Carter and Wilkinson criteria
		118 out of 148 were affected by PH and JFM
de Tommaso et al. [13]	Observational cross-sectional	Total: 151	Primary headache patients; Patients were divided into 4 categories of frequency (1–4; 5–9; 10–14; 15–30 days/month)		Migraine onset (months); Frequency of headache (days/migraine/month); Type of primary headache: chronic migraine, migraine without aura, migraine with aura; Allodynia; Pericranial tenderness; Pain catastrophizing	Allodynia: symptoms checklist reported by Ashina et al. [14]; JFM symptoms: widespread index, symptom severity index; quality of life: migraine disability (Ped MIDAS); PedsQL; parent proxy report; Sleep assessment: sleep disturbance scales for children; Pain catastrophizing: pain catastrophizing scale for children
		5 out 151 were affected by PH and JFM