Research Article

Chronic Pain Prevalence and Exposures during Pregnancy

Table 1

Demographic and medical history of pregnant women in a perinatal mood disorder clinic.

DemographicsAll (n = 156)Chronic pain complaint-value
Yes (n = 44)No (n = 112)

Age (years ± SD)28.3 ± 5.529.1 ± 4.827.9 ± 5.80.205
Education (years ± SD)14.3 ± 2.414.2 ± 2.114.3 ± 2.50.606
Race/ethnicity (%)
 White126 (80.8)38 (86.4)88 (78.6)0.376
 Nonwhite30 (19.2)6 (13.6)24 (21.4)
Marital status (%)
 Married78 (50.0)20 (45.5)58 (51.2)0.594
 Not married78 (50.0)24 (54.5)54 (48.2)
Medical comorbiditya (%)
 Yes50 (32.1)14 (31.8)36 (32.1)0.880
 No106 (67.9)30 (68.2)76 (67.9)
Self-reported history of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse (%)
 Yes94 (61.0)29 (65.9)65 (59.1)0.548
 No60 (39.0)15 (34.1)45 (40.9)
Tobacco use (%)
 None69 (44.2)21 (47.7)48 (42.9)0.520
 Current use42 (26.9)9 (20.5)33 (29.5)
 History of use45 (28.8)14 (31.8)31 (27.7)
Alcohol use (%)
 None62 (39.7)19 (43.2)43 (38.4)0.652
 Current use2 (1.3)1 (2.2)1 (0.9)
 History of use92 (59.0)24 (54.5)68 (60.7)
Self-reported illicit drug use (%)
 None81 (51.9)25 (56.8)56 (50.0)0.383
 Current use15 (9.6)2 (4.5)13 (11.6)
 History of use60 (38.5)17 (38.6)43 (38.4)
Obstetrical information
Severity (number ± SD)2.8 ± 1.83.1 ± 1.92.7 ± 1.70.139
Parity (number ± SD)1.1 ± 1.21.4 ± 1.31.0 ± 1.10.083
Gestational age (weeks ± SD)21.2 ± 8.821.2 ± 9.520.3 ± 8.50.620
Trimester at initial evaluation (%)
 1st48 (31.0)14 (31.8)34 (30.6)0.138
 2nd66 (42.6)14 (31.8)52 (46.8)
 3rd41 (26.5)16 (36.4)25 (22.5)
Planned pregnancy (%)
 Yes46 (30.5)11 (25.6)35 (32.4)0.531
 No105 (69.5)32 (74.4)73 (67.6)
Desired pregnancy (%)
 Yes76 (50.3)22 (51.2)54 (50.0)0.870
 No15 (9.9)5 (11.6)10 (9.3)
 Mixed feelings60 (39.7)16 (37.2)44 (40.7)

aMedical comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and thyroid conditions.