Cognitive Decline in Chronic Migraine with Nonsteroid Anti-inflammation Drug Overuse: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Neuropsychological assessment of cases^a.

		CM		MO
		CM-MOH	CMwoMOH
Anxiety^b,1,3		12 (5–16.5)	6 (4.3–8)	4 (3–6)
Depression^b,1,2		4 (2.5–13.5)	2 (2–3)	1 (0–2)
MIDAS		0 (0–180)	12 (0–47.3)	6 (3–18)
SF-36	Physical functioning^b	90 (85–95)	90 (75–93.8)	95 (90–100)
	Physical role	75 (12.5–100)	50 (25–75)	50 (25–100)
	Body pain	40 (22–68)	51 (42–54)	51 (41–74)
	General health^b,1,3	45 (20–50)	30 (20–48.8)	52 (40–70)
	Vitality^b,1,3	55 (40–75)	50 (45–60)	80 (60–80)
	Social role^b	67 (44–89)	72.5 (56–78)	78 (78–89)
	Emotional role^b,1	33 (16.5–33)	49.5 (33–66)	100 (33–100)
	Mental health^b,3	60 (48–76)	50 (48–61)	72 (56–80)
PSQI	Overall sleep quality	2 (1–2)	1 (1–1.8)	1 (1–2)
	Sleep latency	2 (1–3)	1 (0–2.8)	1 (0–2)
	Duration of sleep	1 (0–2)	1 (0–1)	0 (0–1)
	Sleep efficiency^b,1,2	1 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
	Sleep disturbance	1 (1–2)	1 (1–1)	1 (1–1)
	Need meds to sleep	0 (0–1.5)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
	Day dysfunction due to sleepiness	1 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)
	Total^b,1	7 (5–9.5)	4.5 (3–7)	5 (3–7)

^aKruskal–Wallis tests, median (interquartile range); ^b. Pairwise comparison with adj. sig.: ¹ CM-MOH vs. MO, . ²CM-MOH vs. CMwoMOH, . ³CMwoMOH vs. MO, ; CM, chronic migraine; CM-MOH, chronic migraine with medication overuse headache; CMwoMOH, chronic migraine without medication overuse headache; MO, migraine without aura; MIDAS, Migraine Disability Assessment Test; SF-36, Short Form (36) Health Survey; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.