Prednisone for Acute Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 1

Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) by clinical Budapest criteria.

Budapest criteria signs and symptoms (IASP [1])
Continuing pain that is disproportionate to any inciting event
At least one symptom in at least three of the following categories:
Sensory	Hyperalgesia, allodynia, altered sensation/paresthesia
Vasomotor	Temperature asymmetry, skin colour asymmetry
Sudomotor	Edema, sweating changes
Motor/trophic	Decreased range of motion, weakness, trophic changes (hair, nail, skin)
At least one sign at time of evaluation in at least two of the following categories:
Sensory	Evidence of hyperalgesia to pinprick, allodynia to light touch, and paresthesia by different sensation upon application of same pressure to CRPS-affected and non-CRPS-affected area
Vasomotor	Evidence of temperature asymmetry manually and skin colour asymmetry visually by simultaneous comparison between CRPS-affected and non-CRPS-affected area
Sudomotor	Evidence of edema by observing lack of normal wrinkling, sweating changes determined by observing sweating patterns at CRPS-affected region differing from non-CRPS-affected regions
Motor/trophic	Evidence of decreased ROM with active movement, weakness determined by decreased strength of joint compared to unaffected side, decreased or increased tendon reflexes as determined by reflex response to hammer in CRPS-affected region, trophic changes of hair or nail evaluated by comparing between CRPS-affected and non-CRPS-affected regions, skin changes by presence of shiny skin
No other diagnosis can better explain the symptoms and signs