Research Article

Low Back Pain and Associated Factors among Hairdressers in Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with LBP among the study participants, April 2018 (n = 314).

VariablesLow back painBivariateMultivariate value
YesNoCOR (95% CI)AOR (95% CI)

Gender
 Female140 (48.4)149 (51.6)1.67 (0.72–3.90)1.12 (0.28–4.58)0.870
 Male9 (36.0)16 (64.0)1.00
Age group
 ≤2463 (41.4)89 (58.6)0.56 (0.29–1.06)0.84 (0.29–2.40)0.738
 25–2958 (51.8)54 (48.2)0.84 (0.43–1.65)0.81 (0.31–2.11)0.672
 ≥3028 (56.0)22 (44.0)1.001.00
Marital status
 Married57 (59.4)39 (40.6)1.001.00
 Single92 (42.3)126 (57.7)0.50 (0.30–0.81)0.40 (0.23–0.71)0.002
Number of children
 No child98 (43.9)125 (56.1)1.001.00
 1 child25 (48.1)27 (51.9)1.18 (0.65–2.16)0.68 (0.25–1.88)0.461
 ≥2 children26 (66.7)13 (33.3)2.55 (1.25–5.22)1.43 (0.44–4.64)0.550
Educational status
 Primary school(1–8)48 (53.9)41 (46.1)0.97 (0.46–2.02)
 Secondary school(9–12)78 (42.6)105 (57.4)0.61 (0.31–1.21)
 Higher education23 (54.8)19 (45.2)1.00
Work experience
 ≤2 years46 (39.3)71 (60.7)1.001.00
 3–5 years65 (53.3)57 (46.7)1.76 (1.05–2.94)1.82 (0.99–3.34)0.055
 >5 years38 (50.7)37 (49.3)1.59 (0.88–2.85)1.18 (0.57–2.45)0.649
Monthly income (Birr)
 ≤150052 (39.1)81 (60.9)0.72 (0.38–1.39)1.61 (0.90–2.90)0.110
 1501–300062 (58.5)44 (41.5)1.53 (0.77–3.04)1.64 (0.26–10.24)0.596
 >300023 (47.9)25 (52.1)1.001.00
Body mass index (BMI)
 Underweight11 (28.2)28 (71.8)0.53 (0.20–1.44)0.68 (0.30–1.56)0.365
 Healthy99 (39.9)149 (60.1)0.60 (0.27–1.35)1.20 (0.35–4.07)0.777
 Overweight17 (63.0)10 (37.0)1.001.00
Household activity
 Yes57 (62.0)35 (38.0)2.30 (1.40–3.79)1.56 (0.85–2.86)0.150
 No92 (41.4)130 (58.6)1.001.00
Physical activity
 Yes7 (25.9)20 (74.1)0.36 (0.15–0.87)1.85 (0.66–5.20)0.241
 No142 (49.5)145 (50.5)1.001.00
Prolonged standing
 Yes140 (50.0)140 (50.0)2.78 (1.25–6.16)1.02 (0.35–2.99)0.977
 No9 (26.5)25 (73.5)1.001.00
Static posture
 Yes107 (47.3)119 (52.7)1.02 (0.62–1.66)
 No42 (47.7)46 (52.3)1.00
Awkward posture
 Yes121 (55.3)98 (44.7)2.95 (1.76–4.94)2.59 (1.45–4.63)0.001
 No28 (29.5)67 (70.5)1.001.00
Repeating activity
 Yes51 (53.7)44 (46.3)0.70 (0.43–1.13)
 No98 (44.7)121 (55.3)1.00
Working hours per day
 2–5 hours13 (28.3)33 (71.7)1.001.00
 6–10 hours62 (48.4)66 (51.6)2.39 (1.15–4.95)1.71 (0.68–4.29)0.256
 >10 hours74 (52.9)66 (47.1)2.85 (1.38–5.86)1.50 (0.58–3.85)0.404
Working days per week
 ≤4 days6 (18.7)26 (81.3)1.001.00
 >4 days143 (50.7)139 (49.3)4.46 (1.78–11.16)5.12 (1.94–13.70)0.001
Customers per day
 1–5 customers90 (45.5)108 (54.5)1.00
 6–10 customers59 (50.9)57 (49.1)0.81 (0.51–1.27)
Break time in a day
 Yes23 (46.0)27 (54.0)1.00
 No126 (47.7)138 (52.3)0.93 (0.51–1.71)
Hair washing
 Yes136 (50.9)131 (49.1)2.72 (1.37–5.37)4.45 (1.93–10.26)<0.001
 No13 (27.7)34 (72.3)1.001.00
Adjustable chair
 Yes32 (50.0)32 (50.0)1.00
 No117 (46.8)133 (53.2)0.88 (0.51–1.52)
Adjustable washing basin
 Yes103 (42.7)138 (57.3)0.44 (0.26–0.75)0.35 (0.18–0.69)0.003
 No46 (63.0)27 (37.0)1.001.00
Training of ergonomics
 No92 (54.1)78 (45.9)0.65 (0.35–1.21)0.68 (0.36–1.28)0.230
 Yes34 (37.4)57 (62.6)0.51 (0.30–0.85)0.61 (0.28–1.33)0.214
 Not professional23 (43.4)30 (56.6)1.001.00
Job stress
 Yes106 (57.3)79 (42.7)1.001.00
 No43 (33.3)86 (66.7)0.37 (0.23–0.60)0.45 (0.27–0.77)0.004
Job satisfaction
 Yes54 (35.3)99 (64.7)0.38 (0.24–0.60)0.58 (0.34–0.98)0.043
 No95 (59.0)66 (41.0)1.001.00
Relationship with boss
 No boss100 (51.0)96 (49.0)1.001.00
 Good37 (37.0)63 (63.0)0.56 (0.34–0.92)0.62 (0.10–3.76)0.602
 Fair12 (66.7)6 (33.3)1.92 (0.69–5.32)0.77 (0.36–1.63)0.496
Relationship with customer
 Good140 (46.5)161 (53.5)1.00
 Fair7 (53.8)6 (46.2)0.39 (0.12–1.28)

Significant association (bivariate); significant association (multivariate). COR = crude odds ratio, AOR = adjusted odds ratio, and 1.00 = references.