Research Article
Low Back Pain and Associated Factors among Hairdressers in Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 4
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with LBP among the study participants, April 2018 (n = 314).
| Variables | Low back pain | Bivariate | Multivariate | value | Yes | No | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| Gender | Female | 140 (48.4) | 149 (51.6) | 1.67 (0.72–3.90) | 1.12 (0.28–4.58) | 0.870 | Male | 9 (36.0) | 16 (64.0) | 1.00 | | | Age group | ≤24 | 63 (41.4) | 89 (58.6) | 0.56 (0.29–1.06) | 0.84 (0.29–2.40) | 0.738 | 25–29 | 58 (51.8) | 54 (48.2) | 0.84 (0.43–1.65) | 0.81 (0.31–2.11) | 0.672 | ≥30 | 28 (56.0) | 22 (44.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Marital status | Married | 57 (59.4) | 39 (40.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Single | 92 (42.3) | 126 (57.7) | 0.50 (0.30–0.81) | 0.40 (0.23–0.71) | 0.002 | Number of children | No child | 98 (43.9) | 125 (56.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 1 child | 25 (48.1) | 27 (51.9) | 1.18 (0.65–2.16) | 0.68 (0.25–1.88) | 0.461 | ≥2 children | 26 (66.7) | 13 (33.3) | 2.55 (1.25–5.22) | 1.43 (0.44–4.64) | 0.550 | Educational status | Primary school(1–8) | 48 (53.9) | 41 (46.1) | 0.97 (0.46–2.02) | | | Secondary school(9–12) | 78 (42.6) | 105 (57.4) | 0.61 (0.31–1.21) | | | Higher education | 23 (54.8) | 19 (45.2) | 1.00 | | | Work experience | ≤2 years | 46 (39.3) | 71 (60.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 3–5 years | 65 (53.3) | 57 (46.7) | 1.76 (1.05–2.94) | 1.82 (0.99–3.34) | 0.055 | >5 years | 38 (50.7) | 37 (49.3) | 1.59 (0.88–2.85) | 1.18 (0.57–2.45) | 0.649 | Monthly income (Birr) | ≤1500 | 52 (39.1) | 81 (60.9) | 0.72 (0.38–1.39) | 1.61 (0.90–2.90) | 0.110 | 1501–3000 | 62 (58.5) | 44 (41.5) | 1.53 (0.77–3.04) | 1.64 (0.26–10.24) | 0.596 | >3000 | 23 (47.9) | 25 (52.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Body mass index (BMI) | Underweight | 11 (28.2) | 28 (71.8) | 0.53 (0.20–1.44) | 0.68 (0.30–1.56) | 0.365 | Healthy | 99 (39.9) | 149 (60.1) | 0.60 (0.27–1.35) | 1.20 (0.35–4.07) | 0.777 | Overweight | 17 (63.0) | 10 (37.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Household activity | Yes | 57 (62.0) | 35 (38.0) | 2.30 (1.40–3.79) | 1.56 (0.85–2.86) | 0.150 | No | 92 (41.4) | 130 (58.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Physical activity | Yes | 7 (25.9) | 20 (74.1) | 0.36 (0.15–0.87) | 1.85 (0.66–5.20) | 0.241 | No | 142 (49.5) | 145 (50.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Prolonged standing | Yes | 140 (50.0) | 140 (50.0) | 2.78 (1.25–6.16) | 1.02 (0.35–2.99) | 0.977 | No | 9 (26.5) | 25 (73.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Static posture | Yes | 107 (47.3) | 119 (52.7) | 1.02 (0.62–1.66) | | | No | 42 (47.7) | 46 (52.3) | 1.00 | | | Awkward posture | Yes | 121 (55.3) | 98 (44.7) | 2.95 (1.76–4.94) | 2.59 (1.45–4.63) | 0.001 | No | 28 (29.5) | 67 (70.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Repeating activity | Yes | 51 (53.7) | 44 (46.3) | 0.70 (0.43–1.13) | | | No | 98 (44.7) | 121 (55.3) | 1.00 | | | Working hours per day | 2–5 hours | 13 (28.3) | 33 (71.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 6–10 hours | 62 (48.4) | 66 (51.6) | 2.39 (1.15–4.95) | 1.71 (0.68–4.29) | 0.256 | >10 hours | 74 (52.9) | 66 (47.1) | 2.85 (1.38–5.86) | 1.50 (0.58–3.85) | 0.404 | Working days per week | ≤4 days | 6 (18.7) | 26 (81.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | >4 days | 143 (50.7) | 139 (49.3) | 4.46 (1.78–11.16) | 5.12 (1.94–13.70) | 0.001 | Customers per day | 1–5 customers | 90 (45.5) | 108 (54.5) | 1.00 | | | 6–10 customers | 59 (50.9) | 57 (49.1) | 0.81 (0.51–1.27) | | | Break time in a day | Yes | 23 (46.0) | 27 (54.0) | 1.00 | | | No | 126 (47.7) | 138 (52.3) | 0.93 (0.51–1.71) | | | Hair washing | Yes | 136 (50.9) | 131 (49.1) | 2.72 (1.37–5.37) | 4.45 (1.93–10.26) | <0.001 | No | 13 (27.7) | 34 (72.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Adjustable chair | Yes | 32 (50.0) | 32 (50.0) | 1.00 | | | No | 117 (46.8) | 133 (53.2) | 0.88 (0.51–1.52) | | | Adjustable washing basin | Yes | 103 (42.7) | 138 (57.3) | 0.44 (0.26–0.75) | 0.35 (0.18–0.69) | 0.003 | No | 46 (63.0) | 27 (37.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Training of ergonomics | No | 92 (54.1) | 78 (45.9) | 0.65 (0.35–1.21) | 0.68 (0.36–1.28) | 0.230 | Yes | 34 (37.4) | 57 (62.6) | 0.51 (0.30–0.85) | 0.61 (0.28–1.33) | 0.214 | Not professional | 23 (43.4) | 30 (56.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Job stress | Yes | 106 (57.3) | 79 (42.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | No | 43 (33.3) | 86 (66.7) | 0.37 (0.23–0.60) | 0.45 (0.27–0.77) | 0.004 | Job satisfaction | Yes | 54 (35.3) | 99 (64.7) | 0.38 (0.24–0.60) | 0.58 (0.34–0.98) | 0.043 | No | 95 (59.0) | 66 (41.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Relationship with boss | No boss | 100 (51.0) | 96 (49.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Good | 37 (37.0) | 63 (63.0) | 0.56 (0.34–0.92) | 0.62 (0.10–3.76) | 0.602 | Fair | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 1.92 (0.69–5.32) | 0.77 (0.36–1.63) | 0.496 | Relationship with customer | Good | 140 (46.5) | 161 (53.5) | 1.00 | | | Fair | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | 0.39 (0.12–1.28) | | |
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Significant association (bivariate); significant association (multivariate). COR = crude odds ratio, AOR = adjusted odds ratio, and 1.00 = references. |