Hyoid Bone Position in Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometric Analysis

Table 3

Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups.

	Normal (N = 89)	Indeterminate (N = 182)	BOA (N = 156)	-value
Hyoid measurements
Hy-Ba (mm)	74.01 ± 8.20	73.18 ± 7.06	73.28 ± 8.42	0.698
Hy to SN (mm)	102.76 ± 9.63	101.21 ± 8.19	102.01 ± 10.07	0.408
Hy to FH (mm)	84.54 ± 8.39	82.63 ± 7.14	83.51 ± 8.58	0.171
Hy to PP (mm)	60.03 ± 7.27	58.12 ± 6.19	58.81 ± 7.28	0.098
Hy to MP (mm)	14.85 ± 5.33	12.05 ± 5.42	13.58 ± 4.95	<0.001	Indeterminate < normal, OA
Hy-RGn (mm)	35.06 ± 5.51	33.69 ± 5.45	32.68 ± 5.28	0.004	OA < normal
Hy-C3 (mm)	33.15 ± 3.99	32.15 ± 3.74	32.36 ± 3.87	0.128
Hy to C3-RGn (mm)	3.92 ± 9.20	1.12 ± 8.39	1.37 ± 8.58	0.033	OA, indeterminate < normal
C3-RGN (mm)	65.23 ± 7.86	63.60 ± 6.97	62.64 ± 7.02	0.026	OA < normal
Go-Hy-Me	132.47 ± 15.45	140.71 ± 16.61	135.37 ± 15.31	<0.001	Normal, OA < indeterminate
Hy-S (mm)	103.09 ± 9.68	101.54 ± 8.20	102.33 ± 10.09	0.409
Hy-C3-S (°)	92.48 ± 11.24	91.62 ± 11.33	91.82 ± 11.57	0.840
C3-Hy-S (°)	94.54 ± 9.56	93.67 ± 7.28	94.23 ± 8.57	0.684
Craniofacial measurements
SNA (°)	81.79 ± 3.18	82.36 ± 3.69	82.21 ± 3.41	0.451
SNB (°)	78.88 ± 3.56	79.12 ± 3.80	78.37 ± 4.33	0.217
ANB (°)	2.92 ± 2.78	3.24 ± 3.11	3.84 ± 3.49	0.065
Wits (mm)	0.52 ± 3.99	0.23 ± 4.52	0.75 ± 5.34	0.598
FMA (°)	22.82 ± 5.56	23.31 ± 6.07	25.93 ± 6.39	<0.001	Normal, indeterminate < OA
FH-OP (°)	6.04 ± 4.95	6.57 ± 4.33	7.21 ± 4.63	0.141
Saddle angle (°)	123.76 ± 4.11	122.90 ± 4.78	121.89 ± 4.58	0.007	OA < normal
Articular angle (°)	150.55 ± 5.57	152.19 ± 6.68	153.67 ± 6.70	0.001	Normal < indeterminate, OA
Gonial angle (°)	117.21 ± 6.80	116.99 ± 7.22	119.30 ± 7.67	0.010	Indeterminate, normal < OA
Interincisal angle (°)	124.68 ± 13.34	124.15 ± 13.73	121.96 ± 13.54	0.213
Ramus height (mm)	46.09 ± 5.74	46.61 ± 4.83	44.29 ± 5.51	<0.001	OA < normal, indeterminate
Mandibular body length (mm)	69.90 ± 5.69	70.07 ± 5.15	69.15 ± 5.57	0.275
Anterior cranial base length (mm)	63.48 ± 3.67	63.37 ± 3.36	63.14 ± 3.44	0.730
Posterior cranial base length (mm)	34.32 ± 3.88	33.94 ± 3.14	33.24 ± 3.98	0.056
Anterior facial height (mm)	113.78 ± 8.10	114.87 ± 7.68	114.89 ± 8.15	0.512
Posterior facial height (mm)	77.75 ± 8.24	78.12 ± 6.44	75.42 ± 7.63	0.002	OA < indeterminate
Overjet (mm)	3.89 ± 3.02	4.06 ± 2.79	4.33 ± 3.16	0.501
Overbite (mm)	2.93 ± 1.67	2.72 ± 1.92	2.36 ± 2.51	0.103