Hyoid Bone Position in Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometric Analysis

Table 6

Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups in male subjects.

	Normal (N = 36)	Indeterminate (N = 43)	OA (N = 45)	-value
Age	16.83 ± 4.58	19.69 ± 7.06	18.55 ± 6.31	0.123
Hyoid measurements
Hy-Ba (mm)	78.19 ± 8.00	79.33 ± 6.78	81.13 ± 8.80	0.242
Hy to SN (mm)	108.22 ± 9.76	108.96 ± 8.90	112.28 ± 9.80	0.116
Hy to FH (mm)	89.57 ± 8.58	88.98 ± 7.57	92.14 ± 7.98	0.153
Hy to PP (mm)	64.30 ± 7.34	63.12 ± 6.60	65.91 ± 7.09	0.176
Hy to MP (mm)	17.21 ± 5.29	15.00 ± 5.34	16.22 ± 4.83	0.164
Hy-RGn (mm)	36.21 ± 6.34	35.37 ± 6.99	33.16 ± 5.19	0.071
Hy-C3 (mm)	34.42 ± 3.99	34.59 ± 4.34	35.03 ± 3.99	0.782
Hy to C3-RGn (mm)	4.31 ± 11.31	5.02 ± 10.30	4.18 ± 11.83	0.932
C3-RGN (mm)	66.43 ± 8.82	66.05 ± 9.28	63.40 ± 7.20	0.202
Go-Hy-Me	126.73 ± 14.02	132.66 ± 15.51	129.12 ± 14.31	0.196
Hy-S (mm)	108.62 ± 9.91	109.31 ± 8.84	112.68 ± 9.76	0.114
Hy-C3-S (°)	96.46 ± 9.29	94.16 ± 10.85	97.19 ± 12.64	0.422
C3-Hy-S (°)	97.62 ± 10.30	99.50 ± 7.62	99.92 ± 9.54	0.504
Craniofacial measurements
SNA (°)	81.96 ± 3.59	83.62 ± 3.45	82.96 ± 3.43	0.113
SNB (°)	78.60 ± 3.89	80.03 ± 3.81	79.05 ± 4.74	0.298
ANB (°)	3.36 ± 3.18	3.59 ± 3.31	3.91 ± 3.37	0.756
Wits (mm)	1.33 ± 3.93	0.97 ± 5.03	2.09 ± 5.88	0.573
FMA (°)	23.30 ± 5.86	21.57 ± 5.66	24.87 ± 6.91	0.048
FH-OP (°)	5.87 ± 4.98	6.04 ± 4.29	5.57 ± 4.89	0.896
Saddle angle (°)	123.84 ± 4.55	122.09 ± 4.89	120.45 ± 5.05	0.009
Articular angle (°)	149.79 ± 5.05	151.01 ± 6.17	154.71 ± 6.23	<0.001
Gonial angle (°)	118.23 ± 7.68	116.26 ± 6.54	117.71 ± 7.32	0.440
Interincisal angle (°)	125.22 ± 12.51	123.27 ± 12.64	118.77 ± 10.85	0.046
Ramus height (mm)	47.50 ± 6.57	49.04 ± 4.77	47.80 ± 5.93	0.442
Mandibular body length (mm)	70.80 ± 6.06	72.02 ± 6.27	71.76 ± 5.01	0.620
Anterior cranial base length (mm)	64.56 ± 3.59	65.72 ± 3.31	65.30 ± 3.41	0.323
Posterior cranial base length (mm)	35.88 ± 4.13	36.65 ± 3.35	36.10 ± 4.52	0.677
Anterior facial height (mm)	117.43 ± 8.44	117.83 ± 9.21	120.44 ± 8.86	0.241
Posterior facial height (mm)	80.53 ± 9.50	82.92 ± 6.87	81.80 ± 8.11	0.433
Overjet (mm)	3.64 ± 3.58	4.68 ± 3.29	5.13 ± 3.48	0.153
Overbite (mm)	3.08 ± 1.90	3.26 ± 2.07	2.54 ± 3.10	0.359