Review Article
Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 1
Basic characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Example (person) | Average age (y) | Mode of intervention | Disease | Ending indicator | Experimental group | Control group | Experimental group | Control group | Test group | Control group |
| Lee et al. [25] | 29 | 15 | 70.2 ± 4.8 | 66.9 ± 6.0 | Tai Chi | No intervention | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Liu et al. [26] | 15 | 15 | 58.13 ± 5.38 | 58.4 ± 5.08 | Tai Chi | Core stability training | Low back pain | ① | Liu et al. [26] | 15 | 13 | 58.13 ± 5.38 | 60.67 ± 2.58 | Tai Chi | No rehabilitation plan | Low back pain | ① | Zhu et al. [27] | 23 | 23 | 64.61 ± 3.40 | 64.53 ± 3.43 | Tai Chi | No rehabilitation plan | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Brismée et al. [28] | 22 | 19 | 70.8 ± 9.8 | 68.8 ± 8.9 | Tai Chi | Health education | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Fransen et al. [29] | 56 | 55 | 70.8 ± 6.3 | 69.6 ± 6.1 | Tai Chi | Spa course | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Fransen et al. [29] | 56 | 41 | 70.8 ± 6.3 | 70.0 ± 6.3 | Tai Chi | None | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Wortley et al. [30] | 15 | 9 | 69.5 ± 6.7 | 70.5 ± 5.0 | Tai Chi | Open motion chain resistance training | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Wortley et al. [30] | 15 | 9 | 68.1 ± 5.3 | 70.5 ± 5.0 | Tai Chi | None | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Song et al. [31] | 22 | 21 | 64.8 ± 6.0 | 62.5 ± 5.6 | Tai Chi | Conventional treatment | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Xu and Zhang [32] | 83 | 85 | 21.05 ± 1.15 | 21.34 ± 2.06 | Tai Chi | None | Low back pain | ① | Zhao et al. [33] | 30 | 30 | 58.8 ± 3.2 | 60.1 ± 2.8 | Tai Chi | None | Osteoporosis | ① | Zheng et al. [34] | 40 | 40 | 66.25 ± 6.01 | 67.10 ± 6.51 | Tai Chi | Drug treatment | Knee osteoarthritis | ① | Zhou et al. [35] | 45 | 45 | 71.86 | 72.25 | Tai Chi | Drug treatment | Osteoporosis | ① | Xu and Tang [36] | 15 | 14 | 62.89 ± 2.79 | 63.47 ± 2.85 | Tai Chi | Education and stretching sessions and | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Fan [37] | 20 | 20 | 55.7 ± 8.64 | 56.4 ± 9.12 | Tai Chi | Moxibustion | Low back pain | ① | Tong et al. [38] | 32 | 32 | 32.60 ± 6.46 | 32.66 ± 6.53 | Tai Chi | Sleep in a hard bed | Low back pain | ① | An et al. [39] | 14 | 14 | 65.4 ± 8.2 | 64.6 ± 6.7 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | No intervention | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Ye et al. [40] | 25 | 25 | 64.48 ± 7.81 | 63.08 ± 3.65 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Physical exercise | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Yang et al. [41] | 40 | 40 | 54.20 ± 13.30 | 53.94 ± 13.42 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Regular massage combined with waist and dorsal muscle exercise | Low back pain | ① | Chen [42] | 50 | 50 | 61.2 ± 4.9 | 60.8 ± 5.8 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Chinese medicinal diet | Osteoporosis | ① | Chen et al. [43] | 30 | 30 | 63.57 ± 4.71 | 62.27 ± 4.66 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Rehabilitation physiotherapy, health education, strict sleeper rigid bed, drug treatment | Osteoporosis | ① | Du and Zhao [44] | 40 | 40 | | | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Sodium alan phosphate + calcium agent osteoporosis | Osteoporosis | ① | Li and Feng [45] | 30 | 30 | 45.77 ± 2.11 | 46.38 ± 2.33 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | SET therapy | Low back pain | ①② | Liu et al. [46] | 30 | 30 | 26.6 ± 0.8 | 27.3 ± 1.1 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | General physiotherapy | Low back pain | ① | Liu [47] | 30 | 30 | 53.26 ± 3.87 | 53.47 ± 3.61 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Regular care | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Wu [48] | 26 | 26 | 55.92 ± 9.25 | 56.46 ± 9.13 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Intermediate electrotherapy | Low back pain | ① | Wang and Zhao [49] | 52 | 51 | 46.51 ± 4.31 | 45.97 ± 4.22 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Rehabilitation training | Low back pain | ①② | Wang et al. [50] | 10 | 10 | 17.10 ± 1.20 | 17.60 ± 1.08 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Pure wormwood box moxibustion + eight brocades | Low back pain | ①② | Wang et al. [50] | 10 | 10 | 16.90 ± 1.10 | 17.60 ± 1.08 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Auricular-plaster therapy + pure wormwood box moxibustion | Low back pain | ①② | Wan et al. [51] | 30 | 30 | 40.97 ± 11.62 | 42.87 ± 10.87 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Manipulation maneuver | Fibromyalgia syndrome | ① | Su and Deng [52] | 40 | 40 | 58.93 ± 4.01 | 59.12 ± 3.88 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Take medicine | Osteoporosis | ① | Peng et al. [53] | 47 | 44 | 68.49 ± 4.68 | 69.67 ± 4.36 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Take medicine | Osteoporosis | ① | Pang et al. [54] | 32 | 32 | 46.33 ± 9.46 | 47.25 ± 8.43 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Take medicine | Low back pain | ① | Zheng and Cheng [55] | 29 | 30 | 57.01 ± 5.59 | 58.63 ± 5.07 | Ba Duan Jin exercise | Acupuncture treatment | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Yang [56] | 28 | 30 | 21.52 ± 1.95 | 20.41 ± 2.09 | Yi Jin Jing exercise | None | Low back pain | ① | Ye et al. [57] | 26 | 26 | 60.83 ± 9.52 | 61.80 ± 8.26 | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Perkin ontology and balance training | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Zhao and Zhang [58] | 33 | 33 | 73.84 ± 4.69 | 72.94 ± 5.97 | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Western medicine treatment | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Zhao et al. [59] | 45 | 45 | 64.00 ± 8.97 | 61.00 ± 7.52 | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Inject sodium glassate | Knee osteoarthritis | ① | Zhen et al. [60] | 40 | 40 | | | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Moxibustion | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Zhen et al. [60] | 40 | 40 | | | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Western medicine treatment | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Wu and Lu [61] | 45 | 45 | 54.56 ± 10.07 | 58.02 ± 7.93 | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Massage and intra-articular ozone injection | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Li et al. [62] | 30 | 30 | | | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Massage manipulation therapy | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Li et al. [63] | 62 | 67 | 69.5 ± 4.8 | 69.3 ± 4.5 | Yi Jin Jing exercise | Physiotherapy | Knee osteoarthritis | ①③ | Xiao et al. [64] | 34 | 34 | 70.7 ± 9.36 | 70.2 ± 10.35 | Wu Qin Xi exercise | Rehabilitation treatment | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ | Zhang et al. [65] | 21 | 21 | 52.90 ± 10.57 | 56.19 ± 10.88 | Wu Qin Xi exercise | Oral amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets | Fibromyalgia syndrome | ① | Lei et al. [66] | 32 | 31 | 52.91 ± 15.80 | 53.88 ± 14.17 | Wu Qin Xi exercise | Rehabilitation gymnastics | Low back pain | ① | Ning et al. [67] | 26 | 28 | 40.73 ± 11.52 | 42.13 ± 11.18 | Wu Qin Xi exercise | Nuclear myocardial force training and five poultry exercises | Low back pain | ①② | Tang et al. [68] | 30 | 30 | 60.36 ± 4.73 | 59.86 ± 5.92 | Wu Qin Xi exercise | Massage combined with isokinetic training | Knee osteoarthritis | ① | Ping and Liao [69] | 20 | 20 | | | Wu Qin Xi exercise | Standing exercise | Knee osteoarthritis | ③ |
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Note: ① VAS; ② ODI; ③ WOMAC.
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