Review Article

Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the included studies.

StudyExample (person)Average age (y)Mode of interventionDiseaseEnding indicator
Experimental groupControl groupExperimental groupControl groupTest groupControl group

Lee et al. [25]291570.2 ± 4.866.9 ± 6.0Tai ChiNo interventionKnee osteoarthritis
Liu et al. [26]151558.13 ± 5.3858.4 ± 5.08Tai ChiCore stability trainingLow back pain
Liu et al. [26]151358.13 ± 5.3860.67 ± 2.58Tai ChiNo rehabilitation planLow back pain
Zhu et al. [27]232364.61 ± 3.4064.53 ± 3.43Tai ChiNo rehabilitation planKnee osteoarthritis
Brismée et al. [28]221970.8 ± 9.868.8 ± 8.9Tai ChiHealth educationKnee osteoarthritis
Fransen et al. [29]565570.8 ± 6.369.6 ± 6.1Tai ChiSpa courseKnee osteoarthritis
Fransen et al. [29]564170.8 ± 6.370.0 ± 6.3Tai ChiNoneKnee osteoarthritis
Wortley et al. [30]15969.5 ± 6.770.5 ± 5.0Tai ChiOpen motion chain resistance trainingKnee osteoarthritis
Wortley et al. [30]15968.1 ± 5.370.5 ± 5.0Tai ChiNoneKnee osteoarthritis
Song et al. [31]222164.8 ± 6.062.5 ± 5.6Tai ChiConventional treatmentKnee osteoarthritis
Xu and Zhang [32]838521.05 ± 1.1521.34 ± 2.06Tai ChiNoneLow back pain
Zhao et al. [33]303058.8 ± 3.260.1 ± 2.8Tai ChiNoneOsteoporosis
Zheng et al. [34]404066.25 ± 6.0167.10 ± 6.51Tai ChiDrug treatmentKnee osteoarthritis
Zhou et al. [35]454571.8672.25Tai ChiDrug treatmentOsteoporosis
Xu and Tang [36]151462.89 ± 2.7963.47 ± 2.85Tai ChiEducation and stretching sessions andKnee osteoarthritis
Fan [37]202055.7 ± 8.6456.4 ± 9.12Tai ChiMoxibustionLow back pain
Tong et al. [38]323232.60 ± 6.4632.66 ± 6.53Tai ChiSleep in a hard bedLow back pain
An et al. [39]141465.4 ± 8.264.6 ± 6.7Ba Duan Jin exerciseNo interventionKnee osteoarthritis
Ye et al. [40]252564.48 ± 7.8163.08 ± 3.65Ba Duan Jin exercisePhysical exerciseKnee osteoarthritis
Yang et al. [41]404054.20 ± 13.3053.94 ± 13.42Ba Duan Jin exerciseRegular massage combined with waist and dorsal muscle exerciseLow back pain
Chen [42]505061.2 ± 4.960.8 ± 5.8Ba Duan Jin exerciseChinese medicinal dietOsteoporosis
Chen et al. [43]303063.57 ± 4.7162.27 ± 4.66Ba Duan Jin exerciseRehabilitation physiotherapy, health education, strict sleeper rigid bed, drug treatmentOsteoporosis
Du and Zhao [44]4040Ba Duan Jin exerciseSodium alan phosphate + calcium agent osteoporosisOsteoporosis
Li and Feng [45]303045.77 ± 2.1146.38 ± 2.33Ba Duan Jin exerciseSET therapyLow back pain①②
Liu et al. [46]303026.6 ± 0.827.3 ± 1.1Ba Duan Jin exerciseGeneral physiotherapyLow back pain
Liu [47]303053.26 ± 3.8753.47 ± 3.61Ba Duan Jin exerciseRegular careKnee osteoarthritis
Wu [48]262655.92 ± 9.2556.46 ± 9.13Ba Duan Jin exerciseIntermediate electrotherapyLow back pain
Wang and Zhao [49]525146.51 ± 4.3145.97 ± 4.22Ba Duan Jin exerciseRehabilitation trainingLow back pain①②
Wang et al. [50]101017.10 ± 1.2017.60 ± 1.08Ba Duan Jin exercisePure wormwood box moxibustion + eight brocadesLow back pain①②
Wang et al. [50]101016.90 ± 1.1017.60 ± 1.08Ba Duan Jin exerciseAuricular-plaster therapy + pure wormwood box moxibustionLow back pain①②
Wan et al. [51]303040.97 ± 11.6242.87 ± 10.87Ba Duan Jin exerciseManipulation maneuverFibromyalgia syndrome
Su and Deng [52]404058.93 ± 4.0159.12 ± 3.88Ba Duan Jin exerciseTake medicineOsteoporosis
Peng et al. [53]474468.49 ± 4.6869.67 ± 4.36Ba Duan Jin exerciseTake medicineOsteoporosis
Pang et al. [54]323246.33 ± 9.4647.25 ± 8.43Ba Duan Jin exerciseTake medicineLow back pain
Zheng and Cheng [55]293057.01 ± 5.5958.63 ± 5.07Ba Duan Jin exerciseAcupuncture treatmentKnee osteoarthritis①③
Yang [56]283021.52 ± 1.9520.41 ± 2.09Yi Jin Jing exerciseNoneLow back pain
Ye et al. [57]262660.83 ± 9.5261.80 ± 8.26Yi Jin Jing exercisePerkin ontology and balance trainingKnee osteoarthritis①③
Zhao and Zhang [58]333373.84 ± 4.6972.94 ± 5.97Yi Jin Jing exerciseWestern medicine treatmentKnee osteoarthritis①③
Zhao et al. [59]454564.00 ± 8.9761.00 ± 7.52Yi Jin Jing exerciseInject sodium glassateKnee osteoarthritis
Zhen et al. [60]4040Yi Jin Jing exerciseMoxibustionKnee osteoarthritis①③
Zhen et al. [60]4040Yi Jin Jing exerciseWestern medicine treatmentKnee osteoarthritis①③
Wu and Lu [61]454554.56 ± 10.0758.02 ± 7.93Yi Jin Jing exerciseMassage and intra-articular ozone injectionKnee osteoarthritis①③
Li et al. [62]3030Yi Jin Jing exerciseMassage manipulation therapyKnee osteoarthritis
Li et al. [63]626769.5 ± 4.869.3 ± 4.5Yi Jin Jing exercisePhysiotherapyKnee osteoarthritis①③
Xiao et al. [64]343470.7 ± 9.3670.2 ± 10.35Wu Qin Xi exerciseRehabilitation treatmentKnee osteoarthritis
Zhang et al. [65]212152.90 ± 10.5756.19 ± 10.88Wu Qin Xi exerciseOral amitriptyline hydrochloride tabletsFibromyalgia syndrome
Lei et al. [66]323152.91 ± 15.8053.88 ± 14.17Wu Qin Xi exerciseRehabilitation gymnasticsLow back pain
Ning et al. [67]262840.73 ± 11.5242.13 ± 11.18Wu Qin Xi exerciseNuclear myocardial force training and five poultry exercisesLow back pain①②
Tang et al. [68]303060.36 ± 4.7359.86 ± 5.92Wu Qin Xi exerciseMassage combined with isokinetic trainingKnee osteoarthritis
Ping and Liao [69]2020Wu Qin Xi exerciseStanding exerciseKnee osteoarthritis

Note: ① VAS; ② ODI; ③ WOMAC.