Skin Closure Technique and Postprocedural Pain after Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation: A Retrospective Review
Table 3
Association between risk factors and postoperative pain scores.
Overall cohort β-coefficient (95% CI)
value
Staples cohort β-coefficient (95% CI)
value
Suture cohort β-coefficient (95% CI)
value
Postoperative day #1
Age at implant
−0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01)
0.180
−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02)
0.267
−0.01 (−0.05 to 0.02)
0.471
Sex
1.19 (0.47 to 1.91)
0.001
1.43 (0.50 to 2.36)
0.003
1.25 (−0.15 to 2.65)
0.079
BMI
−0.02 (−0.09 to 0.05)
0.520
0.01 (−0.08 to 0.10)
0.792
−0.08 (−0.18 to 0.03)
0.165
Preprocedural pain score
0.41 (0.08 to 0.73)
0.014
0.18 (−0.23 to 0.60)
0.377
0.78 (0.26 to 1.31)
0.004
History of fibromyalgia
1.65 (−0.12 to 3.42)
0.068
1.50 (−0.44 to 3.43)
0.129
1.95 (−2.80 to 6.70)
0.415
History of opioid use
−0.41 (−1.24–0.43)
0.338
−0.85 (−1.93 to 0.22)
0.118
0.21 (−1.13 to 1.55)
0.754
Overall cohort β-coefficient (95% CI)
value
Staples cohort β-coefficient (95% CI)
value
Suture cohort β-coefficient (95% CI)
value
Postoperative day #10
Age at implant
−0.06 (−0.09 to −0.03)
<0.001
−0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03)
0.001
−0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01)
0.092
Sex
1.09 (0.15 to 2.02)
0.023
0.95 (−0.34 to 2.25)
0.148
1.32 (−0.058 to 2.70)
0.060
BMI
−0.03 (−0.11 to 0.06)
0.527
−0.01 (−0.12 to 0.11)
0.930
−0.06 (−0.20 to 0.08)
0.381
Preprocedural pain score
0.50 (0.09 to 0.92)
0.019
0.58 (0.06 to 1.10)
0.030
0.31 (−0.44 to 1.06)
0.414
History of fibromyalgia
0.98 (−1.08 to 3.04)
0.348
0.43 (−2.17 to 3.02)
0.744
2.45 (−1.16 to 6.06)
0.179
History of opioid use
−0.58 (−1.61 to 0.44)
0.263
−0.16 (−1.57 to 1.25)
0.822
−1.20 (−2.73 to 0.33)
0.121
Linear regression models were performed to identify associations between selected risk factors and postoperative pain. This is presented for the overall cohort as well as stratified based on staples and suture. value <0.05.
