No Difference between Spinal Anesthesia with Hyperbaric Ropivacaine and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Sedation with and without Intrathecal Fentanyl: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial

Table 3

Intraoperative and postoperative side effects.

	Ropivacaine (n = 25)	Ropivacaine-fentanyl (n = 25)	value
Intraoperative
Hypotension	1 (4)	1 (4)	1.000
Bradycardia	14 (56)	15 (60)	1.000
Nausea	2 (8)	1 (4)	1.000
Vomiting	0 (0)	0 (0)
Pruritus	0 (0)	1 (4)	1.000
Shivering	0 (0)	0 (0)
Dyspnea	1 (4)	2 (8)	1.000
Postoperative
Nausea	1 (4)	3 (12)	0.609
Vomiting	0 (0)	0 (0)
Pruritus	1 (4)	0 (0)	1.000

Data are presented as mean (SD) or number (%) of patients. The values are the results of the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test between the groups.