No Difference between Spinal Anesthesia with Hyperbaric Ropivacaine and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Sedation with and without Intrathecal Fentanyl: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial

Table 4

Postoperative pain and requests of rescue analgesics.

	Ropivacaine (n = 25)	Ropivacaine-fentanyl (n = 25)	value
Pain score at 1 hour after surgery	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Pain score at 24 hours after surgery	3.2 (1.8)	3.0 (1.7)	0.751
Number of patients requiring rescue analgesics within 24 hours after surgery	15 (60)	12 (48)	0.395
Time to first request of rescue analgesics (min)	176.8 (90.4)	252.0 (190.9)	0.081
Cumulative dose of the rescue analgesics for 24 hours after surgery, i.v. morphine equivalent dose (mg)	1.9 (1.9)	1.6 (2.1)	0.521
Cumulative dose of the analgesics for 24 hours including PCA, i.v. morphine equivalent dose (mg)	34.3 (4.0)	35.2 (4.4)	0.720

Data are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR), or number (%) of patients. The values are the results of the Mann–Whitney U test for the continuous variables and χ² test or Fisher’s exact test for the incidence variables between the groups.