Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Upregulation Attenuates Visceral Nociception and Hyperalgesia via Spinal Mechanisms Not Related to Anti-Inflammatory or Probiotic Effects

<table>The effect of GLT-1 overexpression on the dextran-sodium-sulfate- (DSS-) sensitized visceromotor response to graded colorectal distension was compared in female mice.  In animals treated with oral 4% DSS for 1 week followed by 1-week daily vehicle injections (ip)  (●), significant increased (36–60%) visceromotor response to colorectal distension  (*<svg height="11.25" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑃</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">&lt;</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">5</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>) was observed, compared to 1-week vehicle and intracolonic vehicle  (○). One-week CTX treatment abolishes the enhanced visceromotor response to colorectal distension caused by oral 4% DSS for 1 week (▲). <svg height="7.1374998" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.29)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑛</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> = 7–9 per group. *<svg height="11.0625" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑃</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">&lt;</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> compared to 1-week vehicle + intracolonic vehicle group.</table>

Pain Research and Treatment

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Upregulation Attenuates Visceral Nociception and Hyperalgesia via Spinal Mechanisms Not Related to Anti-Inflammatory or Probiotic Effects 

Figure 6 | Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Upregulation Attenuates Visceral Nociception and Hyperalgesia via Spinal Mechanisms Not Related to Anti-Inflammatory or Probiotic Effects 