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Source | Model | Results | Antinocicptive Molecule Released |
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Conditionally immortalized Cell lines: Embryonic rat Raphe/SV40tsTag [102, 103, 275–277] Embryonic rat DRG neuron, 50B11 [90] Human DRG neuron, HD10.6, v-myc [278] Embryonic rat and bovine Chromaffin [138, 139] Human embryonic Chromaffin cells/tsTag [279] | partial nerve injury (CCI) [139] | (i) Expressed capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid family-1 (TRPV-1) and responded to capsaicin in vitro [90] (ii) Expressed sensory neuron-associated transcription factors and exhibited capsaicin sensitivity [278] (iii) Antinociceptive [139] | (i) enkephalin? [279, 280] |
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Bioengineered rat Raphe/tsTag/BDNF [110, 211] Rat raphe/tsTag/galanin [111] Rat raphe/tsTag/GAD67 [113] Rat chromaffin/tsTag/Met-ENK [165, 170] | Partial nerve injury (CCI) [84, 110, 113, 158, 211, 229] Formalin/c-fos induction [170] Hemisection SCI [115–118] | (i) Antinociceptive [84, 110, 113, 116, 119, 158, 211] (ii) Restores dorsal horn GAD/GABA system in CCI [229] (iii) Only intrathecal, not intraspinal, grafts of 5HT cells are antinociceptive [115] (iv) Attenuates bilateral DH hypersensitivity [117] (v) Restores spinal serotonin, downregulates the serotonin transporter, and increases BDNF tissue content [118] (vi) Reduce formalin-evoked c-fos expression [170] | (i) 5HT [110, 116–118, 211, 229] (ii) BDNF [110, 118, 211] (iii) GABA [110, 113] (iv) galanin [111] (v) Met-enkephalin [170] |
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Reversibly immortalized Cell Lines: Tetracycline-regulated of SV40 large T-antigen (Tag) in human embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice [147] Cre/lox-regulated Disimmortalizable Embryonic rat chromaffin cells [158] | Partial nerve injury (CCI) [158] | (i) Antinociceptive [158] | (i) enkephalin? [158] (ii) release norepinephrine [158] |
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