Using Computed Tomography Scans and Patient Demographic Data to Estimate Thoracic Epidural Space Depth

Table 3

Differences (cm) between measurements of loss of resistance (LOR) and skin to epidural space depth determined from computed tomography (SES-CT).

Variable	Number	Mean ± standard deviation	Min.	Max.	value
Ethnicity					0.225
Asian	12	0.51 ± 0.74	−0.34	1.90
African	12	0.39 ± 0.85	−1.10	1.52
White	164	0.85 ± 0.98	−2.02	4.30
Hispanic	30	0.73 ± 0.68	−0.70	2.20
Epidural placement					0.0094
Midline	96	0.95 ± 0.88	−1.69	3.20
Paramedian	122	0.67 ± 0.95	−2.02	4.30
Epidural level					<0.0001
T3–T5	65	1.21 ± 0.86	−0.70	3.40
T6–T9	81	0.80 ± 0.92	−1.50	4.30
T10–T12	72	0.40 ± 0.84	−2.02	3.10