Using Picture and Text Schedules to Inform Children: Effects on Distress and Pain during Needle-Related Procedures in Nitrous Oxide Sedation

Table 2

The differences of distress and pain intensity between preinterventional and postinterventional groups.

	Preinterventional mean (range, SD)	Postinterventional mean (range, SD)	value
FAS (0.04–0.97) before	0.52 (0.04–0.97, 0.27)	0.41 (0.04–0.85, 0.28)	0.04
FAS during	0.32 (0.04–0.97, 0.28)	0.33 (0.04–0.85, 0.28)	0.85
FAS after	0.25 (0.04–0.85, 0.24)	0.19 (0.04–0.85, 0.20)	0.16
CAS (0–10) before	1.19 (0–8, 2.17)	0.62 (0–6, 1.39)	0.12
CAS during	1.67 (0–9, 2.52)	1.74 (0–8, 2.28)	0.88
CAS after	0.90 (0–9, 1.96)	0.42 (0–5, 1.08)	0.13

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