Increased Risk of Postthoracotomy Pain Syndrome in Patients with Prolonged Hospitalization and Increased Postoperative Opioid Use

Table 2

Postoperative analgesic outcomes.

Characteristic	PTPS ()	Control ()	value
Total opioid equivalent			0.005
Median (25, 75 IQ)	366 (116, 874)	237 (74, 508)
Type of epidural opioid infusion			0.367
Fentanyl	17 (26%)	14 (21%)
Hydromorphone	44 (67%)	42 (64%)
Morphine	5 (8%)	10 (15%)
Epidural bupivacaine infusion	59 (89%)	55 (83%)	0.448

values are from Student’s -test.
Opioid equivalents were calculated as oral morphine equivalents (mg) during the first three postoperative days and did not include epidural opioid [8].