Prevalence and Characterization of Breakthrough Pain Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain in the South of Spain: A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter, Observational Study

Table 1

Characteristics of BTP in patients with opioid-treated CLBP.

Type of BTP
Neuropathic	49	16.6
Nociceptive	60	20.3
Mixed	181	61.4
NA	5	1.7
Neuropathic^1
Incident	27	55.1
Idiopathic	19	38.8
NA	3	6.1
Nociceptive^2
Incident	52	86.7
Idiopathic	8	13.3
Pain localization
Low back	115	39.0
Low back + lower limbs	101	34.2
Lower limbs	29	9.8
Low back + gluteal/hip	11	3.7
Low back + dorsal	6	2.0
Gluteal/hip	4	1.4
Low back + upper limbs	2	0.7
Other	10	3.4
NA	17	5.8

calculated over the total of patients . ¹Percentage calculated over the total number of patients with neuropathic BTP . ²Percentage calculated over the total number of patients with nociceptive BTP ; NA = not available.