Predictors of Nasal Obstruction: Quantification and Assessment Using Multiple Grading Scales

Table 3

Clinical factors related to high NOSE score (≥50, “moderate to severe problem”): results of univariate and multivariate analysis.

Prognostic factor	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	value; (Pearson’s chi square)	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	value; (Pearson’s chi square)
Nasal obstruction visual analog scale: ≥50	11.1	4.40–28.11	< 0.0001	17.6	5.83–61.6	< 0.0001
Internal nasal valve angle: <10 degrees (grade 1 or 2)^‡	4.34	2.31–8.12	< 0.0001	NS	NS	= 0.2433
External nasal deformity: mild to severe (grades 2–4)	3.59	1.79–7.22	= 0.0002	4.63	1.14–19.9	= 0.0339
Allergic rhinitis: yes	3.36	1.83–6.16	< 0.0001	5.5	1.77–18.7	= 0.0041
Use of nasal steroids: yes	2.30	1.08–4.89	= 0.0266	NS	NS	= 0.2262
Cottle maneuver: moderate to significant improvement (grade 3 or 4)	2.28	1.03–5.07	= 0.0399	NS	NS	= 0.2862
Nasal septal deviation: mild to severe (grades 2–4)	2.05	1.13–3.72	= 0.0168	NS	NS	= 0.1906
History of nasal trauma: yes	1.89	0.94–3.80	= 0.0697	NS	NS	= 0.6106

^‡At least one nasal valve (right or left) with angle < 10 degrees.
Statistical significance.