A Review of the Biology of Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae), Focusing Mainly on Their Life Cycles, Gall Formation, and Soldiers
Figure 12
(a) A gall of Tuberaphis owadai on Styrax tonkinensis (Pha Din, Vietnam; 12 September 1995). (b) A gall of Pseudoregma sundanica on Styrax paralleloneurus; many soldiers (dark gray in color) reside on the outer surface of the gall, mainly on the basal parts of the subgalls (Mt Sibayak, Sumatra; 2 August 1996). (c) Outer surface of a gall of Tuberaphis takenouchii on Styrax formosanus; aphids live among ramified solid projections (Habon, Taiwan; 4 November 2003). (d) A once-broken gall of P. sundanica on S. paralleloneurus and a fruit of the host tree (Mt Sibayak; 2 August 1996). (e) A cut subgall of Ceratoglyphina styracicola on Styrax suberifolius, showing ramified solid projections developing inside (Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan; July 1986; photo by N. E. Pierce). (f) A cut subgall of Astegopteryx nipae on S. benzoin, showing short solid projections (Gombak Rd., Malay Peninsula; 2 December 1992; photo by D. L. Stern).
