A Review of the Biology of Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae), Focusing Mainly on Their Life Cycles, Gall Formation, and Soldiers

Table 3

Colony size and the percentage of soldiers in cerataphidine galls.

Species	Colony size^1	%Soldiers	References
Ceratoglyphina styracicola	100,000~200,000 (𝑛=2)	43~55%	[2, 108]
Tuberaphis owadai	60,000~180,000 (𝑛=2)	41~52%	[11]
Cerataphis vandermeermohri	8,000~94,000 (𝑛=3)	44~46%	[10]
Cerataphis jamuritsu	18,000~57,000 (𝑛=2)	46~48%	[35]
Tuberaphis taiwana	5,000~18,000 (𝑛=3)	27~42%	[38]
Tuberaphis styraci	8,000~15,000 (𝑛=3)	29% (𝑛=1)	[39]
Pseudoregma sundanica	2,000~15,000 (𝑛=7)	45~60%	[29]
Astegopteryx styracophila	1,400~12,000 (𝑛=3)	24~38%	[19]
Cerataphis bambusifoliae	2,900~9,800 (𝑛=5)	21~48%	[33]
Astegopteryx pallida	1,500~9,000 (𝑛=3)	30~46%	[19]
Cerataphis brasiliensis	6,400 (𝑛=1)	25%	[34]
Astegopteryx spinocephala	2,300~6,200 (𝑛=2)	59~63%	[17]
Astegopteryx bambucifoliae	100~5,300 (𝑛=4)	21~64%	[16]
Ceratovacuna japonica	400~1,700 (𝑛=5)	15~45%	[20]
Pseudoregma bambucicola	300~1,600 (𝑛=8)	23~41%	[26]
Pseudoregma carolinensis	500~1,500 (𝑛=6)	45~66%	[28]
Tuberaphis leeuweni	500~1,300 (𝑛=5)	21~52%	[40]

¹Colony sizes of mature galls (containing alates and/or fourth-instar wingpadded nymphs). Undeveloped or damaged galls (due to predation or for an unknown reason) are omitted from the data.