Density-Dependent Phase Polyphenism in Nonmodel Locusts: A Minireview

Table 2

Expressions of swarm dynamics and ecological characteristics of the species included in this paper. When there is conclusive evidence on presence or absence of a given phenomenon, it is noted as such. Asterisk denotes the possibility based on inconclusive and anecdotal evidence. Unknown denotes the lack of quantitative data.

	Swarm dynamics				Ecological characters
Species	Hopper band	Adult swarm	Group mating	Group oviposition	Habitat preference	Food preference
Cyrtacanthacridinae
Schistocerca gregaria	present	present	present	present	arid and semiarid land	herbivorous
Schistocerca piceifrons	present	present	present	present	semixerophytic mosaic vegetation	herbivorous
Schistocerca cancellata	present	present	present	present	desert or semidesert with annual rainfall of over 500 mm	herbivorous
Schistocerca interrita	present	present	present	present	dry wooded area	herbivorous
Nomadacris septemfasciata	present	present	absent	absent	treeless grassland with seasonal flood	graminivorous
Patanga succincta	absent	present	absent	absent	grassland	graminivorous
Austracris guttulosa	absent	present	absent	absent	grassland	graminivorous
Anacridium melanorhodon	present	present	absent	absent	dry open woodland near Acacia	arborivorous
Oedipodinae
Locusta migratoria	present	present	present	present	variable	graminivorous
Locustana pardalina	present	present	present	present	arid land	graminivorous
Oedaleus senegalensis	present	present	unknown	unknown	drier savannah	graminivorous
Gastrimargus musicus	present	present	present	present	costal and subcostal regions of Australia where annual rainfall is greater than 500 mm	graminivorous
Pyrgodera armata	present	absent	unknown	unknown	alluvial plains and adjoining hills with clay or stony soils	herbivorous
Chortoicetes terminifera	present	present	present	present	semiarid land	graminivorous
Austroicetes cruciata	present	present	present	present	drier and more open grasslands and semideserts with 200–500 mm annual rainfall	graminivorous
Aiolopus simulatrix	present	present	present∗	present∗	grassland	graminivorous
Ceracris kiangsu	present	absent	unknown	unknown	bamboo forest	monophagous
						on bamboo
Calliptaminae
Calliptamus italicus	present	present	present	present	dry steppe zones	herbivorous
Gomphocerinae
Dociostaurus marrocanus	present	present	present	present	semiarid steppe or semiarid desert	graminivorous
Rhammatocerus schistocercoides	present	present	present	present	shrub-like and wooded savannas	graminivorous
Gomphocerus sibricus	present	present	unknown	unknown	forest margins	graminivorous
Melanoplinae
Melanoplus sanguinipes	present∗	present	unknown	unknown	grasslands and meadows	graminivorous/; forbivorous
Melanoplus differentialis	present	present	unknown	unknown	tall herbaceous vegetation growing in wet meadows	graminivorous/; forbivorous
Proctolabinae
Coscineuta virens	present	present	present	present	forest	herbivorous/; forbivorous