Effects of Long Distance Transportation on Honey Bee Physiology

Figure 1

Hemolymph juvenile hormone titers (mean ± SE) in worker honey bees experiencing transportation (solid) or no transportation (open) in California (a), Georgia (b), or Michigan ((c), (d)). Workers were 6-7 days old for CA, 8 days for GA and noted in figure for MI. N = 10 bees for each colony. Each number represents a colony-pair that hosted genetically similar workers from a source colony. A* inside the open bar indicates that the JH titers between the two colonies within that colony-pair were significantly different (t-test, P < 0.05), while ** denotes highly significant (P < 0.01).