Antitermite Activities of C. decidua Extracts and Pure Compounds against Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae)

Table 1

LD₅₀ values obtained in solvent extracts and pure compounds isolated from Capparis decidua against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus.

Extracts Single	hr	LD50 values (𝜇g/mg) (𝑃<0.05)^a	LCL^b	UCL^b	t-ratio	Slope value	Heterogeneity	Chi test
Root	24	14.515	11.421	17.459	11.215	0.081	2.070	6.210
Stem	24	14.171	10.48	17.566	12.422	0.093	3.3741	0.124
Fruit	24	14.781	11.106	18.350	11.933	0.088	3.204	9.612
Flower	24	15.274	11.878	18.778	11.982	0.088	2.995	8.986
Mixture
CSTM1 (stem)	24	13.246	5.663	21.147	6.159	1.62	0.796	3.982
CSTM2 (stem)	24	6.616	0.563	0.825	4.796	1.058	0.470	2.348
CSMM3 (stem)	24	4.973	0.057	16.028	4.088	0.769	0.736	3.679
Pure compounds
CDS1*	24	7.514	2.054	10.995	7.123	0.093	1.614	4.833
CDS2	24	7.290	3.178	10.295	8.799	0.135	2.154	6.462
CDS3	24	7.434	5.277	9.179	6.864	0.087	0.533	1.60
CDS4	24	6.531	2.920	9.106	8.655	0.141	1.7475	5.24
CDS5	24	5.537	1.192	8.157	4.853	0.059	0.782	2.345
CDS6	24	8.655	5.711	11.405	9.578	0.149	1.9415	5.824
CDS8	24	10.083	8.39	11.759	7.353	0.093	0.906	2.717
CDF1*	24	8.086	5.40	10.47	9.366	0.147	1.545	4.636

LD₅₀ values represent lethal dose that causes 50% mortality in the test insects. ^bLCL and UCL mean lower confidence limit, and upper confidence limit respectively. ^ct-ratio, slope value, and heterogeneity were significant at all probability levels (90, 95, and 99%). t-ratio: difference in degree of freedom at 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 levels; slope value shows the average between LD₅₀ and LD₈₀, from which LD₅₀ value is calculated; heterogeneity value, shows the effect of active fraction on both susceptible and tolerant insects among all of the treated insects. CSTM indicates combined tincture of Capparis deciduas, coconut oil, terpene oil, glycerol, elemental sulphur, and liter water. CDS* represents pure compound isolated from C. decidua stem fraction, while CDF1* represents compound isolated from flower.