Review Article
Preemptive Circular Defence of Immature Insects: Definition and Occurrences of Cycloalexy Revisited
Figure 2
Cycloalexy in tortoise beetle larvae. (a) Cistudinella foveolata (Ischyrosonychini) larvae on host Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken. Gamboa, Colón Province, Panama; (b) Eugenysa coscaroni (Eugenysini) larvae and mother on host Mikania guaco Bonpl. (Asteraceae), Cerro Campana, Panama Province, Panama; (c) Nuzonia sp. on host Maripa nicaraguensis Hemsl., Chiriquí Grande, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama; (d) Physonota alutacea (Ischyrosonychini) larvae on host Cordia spinescens L., Gamboa, Colón Province, Panama; (e) Polychalma multicava (Goniocheniini) larvae on host Helicteres guazumaefolia Kunth. (Sterculiaceae), Gamboa, Colón Province, Panama; (f) Stolas xanthospila (Mesomphaliini) larvae on host Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. (Convolvulaceae), Cerro Campana, Panama Province, Panama; all photographs © D. Windsor.
