Toxicity of Anethole and the Essential Oils of Lemongrass and Sweet Marigold to the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor and Their Selectivity for Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Workers and Larvae

Table 1

Logarithmic interval concentrations of compounds were used for determining the lethal concentration (LC₅₀) or dose (LD₅₀) for Varroa destructor female mites and for worker or larvae of Apis mellifera, respectively. Actual concentrations are shown in the table.

Products	Concentrations (μg/ml)
	Mite	Worker	Larvae
Anethole	100, 150, 230, 350, 530, 800	25000, 29400, 34000,40000, 47000, 55000	5000, 7200, 10200, 14600, 21000, 30000
Cymbopogon oil	160, 230, 340, 500, 720, 1050	7000, 11600, 20000, 34000, 60000, 100000	4000, 7000, 12000, 20000, 35000, 60000
Tagetes oil	200, 320, 500, 800, 1300, 2000	10000, 18000, 34000, 60000, 110000, 200000	3000, 4000, 5500, 7700, 10300, 14000
Tau-fluvalinate	20, 40, 70, 140, 260, 500	20, 50, 110, 220, 460, 960	50, 110, 220, 460, 960, 2000