Assemblage Characteristics and Habitat Specificity of Carabid Beetles in a Japanese Alpine-Subalpine Zone

Table 2

Global test data and pairwise statistics derived by one-way analyses of similarities (ANOSIM) that explored differences in carabid beetle assemblages among the four habitats (six sampling dates) on Mt. Hakusan. All data were fourth-root transformed prior to ANOSIM analyses. denotes the Pearson correlation coefficient. The symbol “–” indicates that the pairwise test was not performed because the result of the global test was not significant (≥5%).

Sampling day	Global test		Pairwise statistic
	Sample statistic	Significance; level (%)	SB & AM	SB & PS	SB & FF	AM &; PS	AM & FF	PS & FF
July 15	0.764	0.2	–0.250	1.000	0.815	1.000	1.000	0.778
July 24	0.929	0.1	0.167	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
August 13	0.564	0.2	0.667	0.574	0.944	0.250	0.917	0.111
August 27	0.320	6.6	–	–	–	–	–	–
September 11	0.333	5.0	–	–	–	–	–	–
September 23	0.409	2.2	−0.167	0.519	−0.148	1.000	1.000	1.000
Entire period	0.849	0.1	−0.250	1.000	0.852	1.000	1.000	0.963

SB, snow beds; AM, alpine meadows; PS, Pinus scrub; FF, fell-fields.