Posttraumatic Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth of Israeli Firefighters, at One Month following the Carmel Fire Disaster

Table 1

Means and 𝑡 scores for posttraumatic symptoms and posttraumatic growth (𝑁 = 65).

Variable	𝑀	SD	𝑡^a
IES-R^b	0.71	0.67	8.52***
Intrusion	0.87	0.75	9.35***
Avoidance	0.67	0.71	7.56***
Hyperarousal	0.56	0.66	6.81***
PTGI-SF^c	2.04	1.29	12.77***
Relating to others	1.64	1.16	11.35***
New possibilities	1.62	1.33	9.80***
Personal strength	2.32	1.57	11.89***
Spiritual growth	1.75	1.62	8.71***
Appreciation of life	2.08	1.53	10.99***

 ^aOne Sample 𝑡-test, different from zero;
^bIES-R: Impact of Event Scale-Revised (0–4);
^cPosttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (0–5); df=64.^*𝑃<.05; ^**𝑃<.01; (two-tailed).