Screening for Bipolar Disorder Symptoms in Depressed Primary Care Attenders: Comparison between Mood Disorder Questionnaire and Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32)
Table 4
Frequencies of endorsed items to HCL-32 (standard cut-off*) and correlation with positive screening.
Item
HCL
endorsed, %
Positive, %
Negative, %
Chi-sq
df
(1) I need less sleep
45.2
28.3
67.5
14.143
1
<.001
(2) I feel more energetic and more active
76.3
64.2
92.5
10.144
1
.001
(3) I am more self-confident
67.7
50.9
90.0
15.913
1
<.001
(4) I enjoy my work more
41.9
34.0
52.5
3.217
1
ns
(5) I am more sociable (make more phone calls, go out more)
58.1
41.5
80.0
13.870
1
<.001
(6) I want to travel and/or do travel more
37.6
24.5
55.0
9.018
1
.003
(7) I tend to drive faster or take more risks when driving
12.9
5.70
22.5
5.752
1
.016
(8) I spend more money/too much money
19.4
9.40
32.5
7.770
1
.005
(9) I take more risks in my daily life
19.4
15.1
25.0
1.433
1
ns
(10) I am physically more active (sport, etc.)
59.1
41.5
82.5
15.850
1
<.001
(11) I plan more activities or projects
59.1
35.8
90.0
27.662
1
<.001
(12) I have more ideas, I am more creative
55.9
30.2
90.0
33.083
1
<.001
(13) I am less shy or inhibited
35.5
15.1
62.5
22.378
1
<.001
(14) I wear more colourful and more extravagant clothes/make-up
18.3
3.8
37.5
17.358
1
<.001
(15) I want to meet or actually do meet more people
62.4
37.7
95.0
31.848
1
<.001
(16) I am more interested in sex, and/or have increased sexual desire
38.7
17.0
67.5
24.522
1
<.001
(17) I am more flirtatious and/or am more sexually active
28.0
9.4
52.5
20.991
1
<.001
(18) I talk more
38.7
18.9
72.5
20.448
1
<.001
(19) I think faster
41.9
18.9
27.5
26.928
1
<.001
(20) I make more jokes or puns when I am talking
36.6
22.6
55.0
10.291
1
.001
(21) I am more easily distracted
22.6
18.9
27.5
0.972
1
ns
(22) I engage in lots of new things
28.0
13.2
27.5
13.310
1
<.001
(23) My thoughts jump from topic to topic
24.7
13.2
40.0
8.791
1
.003
(24) I do things more quickly and/or more easily
57.0
35.8
85.0
22.467
1
<.001
(25) I am more impatient and/or get irritable more easily
30.1
18.9
45.0
7.398
1
.007
(26) I can be exhausting or irritating for others
20.4
13.2
30.0
3.954
1
.047
(27) I get into more quarrels
19.4
15.1
25.0
1.433
1
ns
(28) My mood is higher, more optimistic
68.8
52.8
90.0
14.676
1
<.001
(29) I drink more coffee
19.4
13.2
27.5
2.983
1
ns
(30) I smoke more cigarettes
15.1
5.7
27.5
8.503
1
.004
(31) I drink more alcohol
7.5
1.9
15.0
5.632
1
.018
(32) I take more drugs (sedatives, anxiolytics, stimulants)
7.5
5.7
10.0
0.617
1
ns
Standard cut-off: endorsement of at least 14 or more items. List of abbreviations: HCL-32: hypomania checklist; Chi-sq: chi-square test; df: degrees of freedom; ns: nonsignificant.
